城市冷岛对周边热环境的降温规律研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 03:21

本文关键词：城市冷岛对周边热环境的降温规律研究　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着城市化的发展,城市热岛现象日益显著,在城市内部仍存在着低温区域为进入其内部的人们提供凉爽舒适的环境,本文分别提取了北京市五环内的绿地、水体和不透水表面,获取了北京市五环内的下垫面构成。运用单窗算法反演出地表温度,并用陆面实际地表温度进行了检验。分析北京市五环内的热景观格局,筛选出30块冷岛区域,对冷岛区域内部特征对温度的影响以及城市冷岛对周边热环境的影响因素进行了分析,得到了以下结论:(1)城市冷岛斑块内部的平均温度随城市冷岛斑块的形态特征并没有发生显著的变化;冷岛内部的最低温度随城市冷岛斑块面积与周长的增加而下降、随形状指数的增加而上升。城市冷岛内部的平均温度没有随冷岛景观构成的变化出现显著变化,城市冷岛内部的最低温度随着绿地与水体面积的增加而逐渐上升,而随着建设用地比率的增加,最低温度也没有变化。(2)冷岛外部的温度随着距离的增加而不断升高,然后趋于平稳,此时,将趋于平缓时的温度认定为冷岛周边的最大温度,最大温度处与冷岛边界的距离为最大降温距离,温度升高的变化趋势与三次多项式有较好的拟合度,根据拟合的三次多项式更加合理地确定冷岛的降温范围与降温幅度。(3)随城市冷岛面积、周长的增加,降温距离与降温幅度逐渐升高,随形状指数的增加逐渐下降;在景观构成方面,城市冷岛的降温距离与降温幅度随着绿地与水体的面积的增加而上升,冷岛内部的硬化地表比例对冷岛的降温幅度没有影响,随着硬化比率的增加,降温距离逐渐减小。(4)本文从建筑指数、建筑物高度、建筑物布局分析了建设用地对降温效果的影响。建设指数越高,表示建筑密度越高,建设用地升温越快,冷岛的降温幅度越大;建筑物高度增加,城市冷岛周边的建筑环境升温越快,当建筑物高度大于100m时,升温幅度下降;从建筑布局角度,建筑物对城市冷岛的降温效果具有阻隔作用,而形成建筑物通道有利于有驱散冷空气。
[Abstract]:With the development of urbanization, the phenomenon of urban heat island is becoming more and more obvious. There are still low temperature areas in the city to provide a cool and comfortable environment for people entering into the city. Water body and impermeable surface were used to obtain the underlying surface structure in the fifth ring ring of Beijing. The surface temperature was inversed by single window algorithm and tested with the actual surface surface temperature of the land surface. The thermal landscape pattern in the fifth ring ring of Beijing was analyzed. In this paper, 30 cold island regions are selected, and the influence of the inner characteristics of the cold islands on the temperature and the influence factors of the urban cold islands on the surrounding thermal environment are analyzed. The following conclusions are obtained: (1) the average temperature of the cold island patch in the city does not change significantly with the morphological characteristics of the cold island patch in the city; The lowest temperature in the cold island decreases with the increase of patch area and perimeter, and increases with the increase of the shape index. The average temperature in the cold island does not change significantly with the change of the landscape composition of the cold island. With the increase of green space and water area, the lowest temperature in cold island increases gradually, but with the increase of the ratio of construction land. The minimum temperature also has no change. 2) the temperature outside the cold island increases with the increase of distance, and then tends to steady. At this time, the temperature that tends to be flat is considered as the maximum temperature around the cold island. The distance between the maximum temperature and the boundary of the cold island is the maximum cooling distance, and the variation trend of the temperature rise has a good fit with the cubic polynomial. According to the fitting cubic polynomial, it is more reasonable to determine the cooling range and the cooling range of cold island. 3) with the increase of the area of the cold island and the perimeter of the city, the cooling distance and the temperature drop range increase gradually. The shape index decreased gradually with the increase of the shape index. In terms of landscape composition, the cooling distance and cooling range of urban cold island increased with the increase of green space and water area, and the ratio of hardened surface in cold island had no effect on the cooling range of cold island. With the increase of hardening ratio, the cooling distance decreases gradually. 4) this paper analyzes the influence of the construction land on the cooling effect from the building index, the height of the building, and the layout of the building. The higher the construction index is, the higher the construction index is. The higher the building density, the faster the temperature of the construction land, the larger the cooling range of the cold island; The higher the building height is, the faster the building environment around the cold island is, and when the building height is more than 100m, the temperature rise will decrease. From the point of view of architectural layout, the cooling effect of buildings on urban cold islands is blocked, and the formation of building passages is conducive to dispersing cold air.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P463.3

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