静态破碎剂无水可控高效化试验研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 06:50

  本文关键词： 静态破碎剂 无水化 可控性 高效静态破碎剂 大孔径　出处：《西南科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：静态破碎剂是一种通过水化反应产生体积膨胀撑裂约束物的粉末状物质,其主要成分是氧化钙。静态破碎技术是指综合钻孔、装药、封孔等施工技术将静态破碎剂应用到脆性材料破碎的技术。由于静态破碎技术具有安全无毒、运输方便等特点,现阶段已被广泛地应用在工农业以及军事业中。本文总结了国内外静态破碎技术发展现状,在分析破碎机理与影响因素的基础上,分别对三种常见固态水合物——明矾、凝胶和高吸水树脂(吸水弹)与破碎剂反应进行配合比试验、体积膨胀率试验和膨胀压试验,测试了其反应速率、体积膨胀率和膨胀压。水合物与破碎剂配合比在0.27~0.42范围内,破碎剂水化反应达到最高温度范围为150℃~170℃,所需时间为10min~20min,且配合比越小反应速度越快;反应后体积达到反应前体积3倍左右;膨胀压试验结果表明,膨胀应力受固态水合物种类与配合比的影响较大,当配合比固定且较小时,高吸水树脂(吸水弹)与凝胶分别参与的水化反应膨胀应力比明矾的大,当配合比固定且较大时,则反之;当固态水合物不变时,高吸水树脂(吸水弹)与凝胶参与的水化反应配合比越大则膨胀应力越小,而明矾参与的水化反应膨胀应力随着配合比的增大而增大。静态破碎剂控制试验表明,加热电阻棒加热时间由300s、600s、900s到全程一直加热,静态破碎剂膨胀应力达到最高值的用时分别为54min、41min、33min和30min,这说明加热时间越长,静态破碎剂膨胀应力到达最高值的时间越短,开裂效率越高。最后设计了三组开裂效果对比试验,常规开裂方法与本文研究的开裂方法对比试验结果表明:常规开裂方法下混凝土试块历时9h后开始开裂,经过24h开裂完成,本文研究的开裂方法下的混凝土试块不通电加热则始终不开裂;40mm孔径与60mm孔径混凝土试块开裂对比试验、50mm孔径与60mm孔径混凝土试块开裂对比试验表明:40mm孔径、50mm孔径和60mm孔径的混凝土试块在加热条件下从水化反应开始到裂缝出现用时分别为40min、30min和15min,从开始出现裂缝至裂缝扩展不再明显耗时分别为15min、12min和9min,这说明孔径越大,混凝土试块开裂越早,开裂效率越高。本文研究的开裂方法下混凝土试块的开裂时间从封孔至试块裂缝扩展不明显只需5h,而整个开裂完成只用约12h,与常规的开裂方法相比,极大地提高了开裂效率。
[Abstract]:Static crushing agent is a kind of powder substance which produces volume expansion and crack constraint through hydration reaction, and its main component is calcium oxide. Static crushing technology refers to comprehensive drilling and charging. Construction techniques such as sealing holes apply static crushing agent to brittle material crushing technology. Because static crushing technology is safe and non-toxic, it is easy to transport and so on. At present, it has been widely used in industry, agriculture and military industry. This paper summarizes the development status of static crushing technology at home and abroad. Based on the analysis of crusher mechanism and influencing factors, three kinds of common solid hydrate-alum are analyzed respectively. The reaction ratio of gel and super absorbent resin (hygroscopes) with crushing agent was tested, the volume expansion test and expansion pressure test were carried out, and the reaction rate, volume expansion rate and expansion pressure were tested. The mixture ratio of hydrate to crushing agent was in the range of 0.27 ~ 0.42. The hydration reaction of the crusher reaches the maximum temperature range of 150 鈩，

本文编号：1529292