海南岛传统聚落水环境的生态营造研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 09:10

本文选题：传统聚落　切入点：水环境　出处：《海南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海南岛位于中国版图的最南端,全年夏长无冬、阳光雨量充沛、空气自然清新、水质清冽纯净、水塘溪河遍布,犹如"南海明珠"堪称人间天堂。海南岛独特的地域自然环境是影响海南岛传统聚落发展演变的起点和重要因素。随着聚落的不断发展,人文环境因素诸如区域行政建置与人口迁移分布等要素逐渐从宏观层面上对聚落格局分布和演变过程起到引导性作用,并作为重要影响因子映射到聚落的微观层面,促进聚落生活方式、空间形态和结构组成的演变。水在海南岛传统聚落中的众多用途与功能都与其特殊的物理性质有关。水具有的调节局部气候、改善空气质量和提高舒适度的生态作用。水对聚落的选址、空间布局和边界形态的都有着重要的影响。海南岛传统聚落的生态性主要通过构成其水环境构成要素的生态营造方式来表现。聚落水环境包括从水生态系统上的多种形式的水体和空间上构成聚落环境的涉及水的各种构成要素。海南岛传统聚落水环境的主要构成要素涵盖长期有水存在或与水关系极为密切的聚落组成要素,如水泉、水井、水塘、水口和水田等。温泉、冷泉和普通矿泉在海南岛内均有分布,尤其以火山岩温泉和冷泉而闻名。水井是海南岛传统聚落中获取水资源的主要途径之一,促进了海南岛传统聚落生存空间的扩展和传统文化的发展。水塘在调节传统聚落局部微气候和改善传统聚落人居生态环境中起到十分重要的作用。水口的营建遵从中国的传统风水理念,其通常包括风水林、风水塔、桥梁、堤坝和祠庙等。水田既可以进行农业生产,又能调节聚落微气候美化聚落环境。海南岛传统聚落水环境的次要构成要素涵盖短期有水存在或受水一定程度影响的聚落组成要素,如建筑、庭院、巷道和动植物等。海南岛传统聚落中建筑的生态营造技艺源于对防雨、防潮、储水和排水等功能的最基本需求。庭院对传统聚落局部微气候起到重要的调节作用。水在庭院内循环而产生的生态效应不但关系到聚落人居环境的舒适度,也对庭院内构筑物的空间形态、供水体系、排水方式、构筑材料和装饰样式产生十分重要的影响。巷道与街是传统聚落空间形态布局的结构骨架,共同构成了聚落中交通体系。供水与排水系统往往与聚落中联系着每家每户的交通网络相结合,形成了兼具交通功能与供排水功能的巷道。海南岛的自然条件十分优越,阳光充足,水量充沛,气候适宜。为各种植物的旺盛生长创造了良好的环境基础,为各种动物的生存与繁衍提供了充足的食物来源。海南岛的传统聚落中适合养殖多种禽类与牲畜,适合种植多种热带经济作物。通过案例分析得出海南岛传统聚落水环境的生态营造特点主要为:因地制宜,因水制宜;低技术生态设计手法;良性的生态循环模式;实用的聚落水体系。正所谓:“一方山水养一方人,一方山水有一方风情。”
[Abstract]:Hainan Island is located in the southernmost part of China's territory. It has long summer and no winter, abundant sunshine and rainfall, natural fresh air, pure water quality, and abundant ponds and rivers. The unique natural environment of Hainan Island is the starting point and important factor influencing the development and evolution of Hainan Island's traditional settlement. Human environmental factors, such as regional administrative establishment and population migration distribution, gradually play a leading role in the distribution and evolution of settlement pattern from the macro level, and map to the micro level of settlement as an important influence factor. Promoting the evolution of settlement lifestyles, spatial forms and structural components. The many uses and functions of water in traditional settlements in Hainan Island are related to its particular physical properties. Ecological effects of improving air quality and improving comfort. The ecological nature of the traditional settlement in Hainan Island is mainly expressed by the ecological construction of the elements of its water environment. The settlement water environment includes the ecological environment of the water ecosystem. The main elements of the traditional settlement water environment in Hainan Island cover the elements of settlement that have existed for a long time or are very closely related to water, Such as water springs, wells, reservoirs, water vents and paddy fields. Hot springs, cold springs and ordinary mineral springs are all distributed in Hainan Island, especially known for their volcanic rocks, hot springs and cold springs. Wells are one of the main ways to obtain water resources in the traditional settlements of Hainan Island. The pond plays an important role in regulating the local microclimate of the traditional settlement and improving the ecological environment of the traditional settlement. From the Chinese traditional geomantic concept, They usually include fengshui forests, fengshui towers, bridges, dikes, temples, etc. Paddy fields can be used for agricultural production. The secondary components of the traditional settlement water environment in Hainan Island include those that have water in the short term or are affected to some extent by water, such as buildings, yards, etc. Laneway, animal and plant, etc. The ecological construction techniques of buildings in the traditional settlement of Hainan Island are derived from the protection against rain and moisture, The most basic requirement of water storage and drainage is that the courtyard plays an important role in regulating the local microclimate of the traditional settlement. The ecological effect of water circulation in the courtyard is not only related to the comfort of the settlement environment. It also has a very important influence on the spatial form, water supply system, drainage way, construction material and decoration style of the courtyard structure. The roadway and street are the structure skeleton of the traditional settlement space form layout, The water supply and drainage system is often combined with the transportation network of each household in the settlement, forming a roadway with both traffic function and water supply and drainage function. The natural conditions of Hainan Island are very good. The sun is abundant, the water is abundant, the climate is suitable. It creates a good environmental foundation for the vigorous growth of all kinds of plants. It provides sufficient food for the survival and reproduction of various animals. The traditional settlements of Hainan Island are suitable for raising a wide variety of poultry and livestock. The ecological construction characteristics of traditional settlement water environment in Hainan Island are as follows: suitable for local conditions, suitable for water system, low technology ecological design technique, benign ecological circulation mode; Practical settlement water system. As the saying goes, "one side supports one side of the landscape, one side of the landscape has one side amorous feelings."
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU982.29

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