湘西传统民居被动式技术适宜性研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 16:33

本文选题：传统民居　切入点：被动式技术　出处：《湖南工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：湘西地区是少数民族聚居的区域,为夏热冬冷地区的气候,世代生活在湘西地区的各族人民,在建筑的营建过程中,总结出了不少具有当地适宜性的技术策略,值得当代建筑设计所借鉴。但是,也有大量传统民居由于缺少有机更新,简单的构造致使其热工性能很差,不能提供良好的室内热环境,无法满足现代生活的需要,大量的民居在近年被当地居民闲置和遗弃。因此,有必要从当地气候特征和室内热舒适度出发,探讨湘西地区传统民居的被动式技术的适宜性。针对上述问题,笔者展开了如下研究:首先,深入调研湘西地区的环境特征,通过对不同外围护结构形式的乡土民居进行调查,归纳不同乡土民居的类型,初步发掘出当地乡土民居存在的传统被动式技术及存在问题,分析湘西传统民居被动式技术的适宜性,从自然通风与可调节空间、结构与构造、材料运用等方面探讨湘西传统民居的适宜技术特征。其次,针对极具特色的高密度窨子屋民居,通过热环境、风环境实测,量化分析窨子屋民居的生态设计策略,发掘传统生态设计策略的优势和其良好的气候适应性,探讨对当代绿色建筑设计的借鉴;为了探讨其典型三类窨子屋民居的风压通风与天井几何形态、排放通道的关系,运用计算流体力学(CFD)的方法,对自然通风情况下的窨子屋风环境进行模拟对比分析,定量地归纳出天井几何形态特征、排放通道等因素与天井自然通风之间的关系;为了探讨其天井热压通风与天井几何形态的关系,选取了天井面宽进深比、檐口高度、厅堂进深三个影响因子为控制变量,定量地归纳出天井几何形态特征与天井热压通风之间的关系。再次,针对热环境较差的吞口屋民居,选取具有代表性的湘西传统民居在冬季和夏季典型日进行热环境与风环境实测,确定了当地夏季与冬季热中性温度和可接受温度范围,提出被动式节能技术改造策略,采用造价低适应性强的低技术手段,利用当地本土材料及被动式节能技术等措施,通过数值模拟软件探讨自然通风技术、墙体隔热保温设计、窗户材料等被动式节能技术对室内热环境改善的影响。最后,通过正交试验的对比分析,对于窨子屋传统民居提出一种最优的热压通风技术综合设计方案,对于吞口屋传统民居提出一种最优的被动式技术综合设计方案,并对其进行经济效益分析,提出湘西地区适宜性的被动式技术综合设计方案,以改善当地人居环境。
[Abstract]:Xiangxi is a region inhabited by ethnic minorities. For the climate of hot summer and cold winter, the people of all nationalities living in Xiangxi for generations have summed up many technical strategies with local suitability in the process of building and construction. However, due to the lack of organic renewal and simple structure, a large number of traditional houses have poor thermal performance and can not provide a good indoor thermal environment and can not meet the needs of modern life. A large number of houses have been left idle and abandoned by local residents in recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the suitability of passive technology for traditional residential buildings in western Hunan based on the local climate characteristics and indoor thermal comfort. The author has carried out the following research: first, deeply investigate the environmental characteristics of western Hunan region, through the investigation of the different forms of external enclosure structure of local houses, summed up the different types of local houses, This paper preliminarily excavates the traditional passive technology and existing problems of the local vernacular houses, analyzes the suitability of the passive technology of the traditional residential houses in the west of Hunan, from the natural ventilation and adjustable space, the structure and the structure, The appropriate technical characteristics of traditional residential buildings in western Hunan were discussed. Secondly, the ecological design strategies of cellar houses were quantitatively analyzed through the measurement of thermal environment and wind environment. To explore the advantages of the traditional ecological design strategy and its good climate adaptability, to explore the reference to the contemporary green building design, and to explore the relationship between the wind pressure ventilation of the typical three kinds of cellar houses, the geometry of the patio and the discharge passage, By using the method of computational fluid dynamics (CFDs), this paper makes a comparative analysis of the sub-cellar wind environment under natural ventilation, and concludes quantitatively the relationship between the geometric characteristics of the patio, the discharge channel and the natural ventilation of the patio. In order to study the relationship between hot pressure ventilation and geometry of the patio, three influencing factors, such as the ratio of width to depth, the height of cornice and the depth of hall, were selected as control variables. The relationship between the geometric characteristics of the patio and the hot pressure ventilation of the patio is summarized quantitatively. Thirdly, aiming at the residential houses with poor thermal environment, The representative traditional residential buildings in western Hunan are selected to measure the thermal environment and wind environment in winter and summer, and the range of local thermal neutral temperature and acceptable temperature in summer and winter are determined, and the passive energy saving technology renovation strategy is put forward. By means of low technology with low cost and strong adaptability, using local materials and passive energy saving technology, the natural ventilation technology and wall insulation and heat preservation design are discussed by numerical simulation software. Effects of passive Energy-saving techniques such as window Materials on the improvement of Indoor Thermal Environment. Finally, through the comparative analysis of orthogonal experiments, an optimal comprehensive design scheme of hot press ventilation technology for traditional houses in cellar houses is put forward. This paper puts forward an optimal passive technology comprehensive design scheme for the traditional residential buildings in the swallow-mouth house, analyzes its economic benefits, and puts forward the suitable passive technical comprehensive design scheme in the west of Hunan to improve the local living environment.
【学位授予单位】：湖南工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU241.5

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