环境正义理念下上海中心城区公共绿地空间布局研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 16:15

本文选题：公共绿地　切入点：环境正义　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市公共绿地为市民提供了一系列社会、环境、生态、美学和健康效益,对城市生活品质和可持续发展起着积极的促进作用。然而,相关的环境正义研究发现多数情况下公共绿地在城市中的分布并不均匀,公共绿地资源的不公平供应会损害居民的福祉,阻碍社会的可持续发展。当前,关于国内大城市公共绿地服务分布公平性的研究依然不多,尤其是关于儿童、老年人以及其他弱势群体获取公共绿地服务的公平性情况的认知更是缺乏。上海在建设生态城市的过程中,其公共绿地建设仍面临着诸多困难和挑战。论文依托上海市科委民生科技支撑计划课题(15DZ1203606)开展,以上海市中心城区作为研究区域,在公共绿地空间可达性评价的基础之上,基于环境正义理念进一步探究公共绿地空间布局对弱势居民群体而言是否公平。本文的主要研究结论有:1.使用缓冲区分析法计算了不同步行距离阈值下的公共绿地服务面积比,发现公共绿地服务面积比随着步行距离阈值的增大而增加,1200米距离下的公共绿地服务面积比达到了 95.2%,覆盖了研究区内绝大多数居住区。公共绿地服务面积比从研究区中心往外逐渐下降,浦西地区的公共绿地服务面积比要稍高于浦东地区。2.利用高斯两步搜索移动法计算各街道的公共绿地可达性。总体而言,浦东地区街道的公共绿地可达性较浦西地区要好,浦西外环以内以及浦东地区部分街道的公共绿地可达性较低;可达性较高的街道主要位于研究区西南部、东南部和北部外环附近;新江湾城街道、外高桥保税区、程家桥街道、漕河泾新兴技术开发区的公共绿地可达性明显高于其他街道。3.公共绿地可达性与多个社会特征变量相关,因子分析提取了 "城市化发展水平"、"社会经济地位"和"家庭组成情况" 3个主要因子来反映研究区的社会空间结构。按因子得分对街道分组统计,发现公共绿地可达性基于社会空间结构分异存在梯度差异。公共绿地可达性在城市化发展水平较高的街道组反而较低,社会经济地位最低的街道组享有最高的公共绿地可达性,儿童、已婚人口以及家庭户比例最高的街道组的公共绿地可达性最好。4.选取儿童、老年人、无业人口、低学历人口以及住房条件较差的居民作为重点关注的弱势居民群体并计算了弱势群体综合需求指数,发现外环附近以及紧邻黄浦江的杨浦区、虹口区、闸北区、静安区、卢湾区和黄浦区的部分街道的弱势群体综合需求较高。5.曼-惠特尼U检验发现老年人口、无业人口以及住房条件较差的居民的分布特征基于公共绿地可达性水平存在显著差异。公平绩效指数进一步证实老龄人口、无业人口和居住条件较差的居民的公共绿地可达性要低于研究区全部人口的平均水平。6.LISA双变量法辨别了弱势群体分布与公共绿地可达性的空间相关模式。研究区中部杨浦区、虹口区、闸北区、普陀区、卢湾区和黄浦区部分街道的老龄人口或无业人口比例较高,但公共绿地可达性较低。内环以内虹口区、闸北区和普陀区部分街道的公共绿地可达性较低,但低学历人口或住房条件较差的居民的比例却相对较高。宝山区以及内环以内杨浦区、虹口区、闸北区、卢湾区和黄浦区部分街道的弱势群体综合需求较高但公共绿地可达性较低,暗示着潜在的环境非正义问题。研究结果可以为未来城市公共绿地的规划、管理和决策提供一些借鉴。
[Abstract]:City public green space provides a series of social and public environment, ecology, aesthetics and health benefits, plays a positive role in promoting the quality of city life and sustainable development. However, the research of environmental justice of the distribution of public green space in most cases in the city is not uniform, the public green land resources unfair supply will damage the well-being of the inhabitants, hinder the sustainable development of the society. At present, research on the service distribution of public green space in the domestic big city of fairness is still not much, especially for children, the elderly and other vulnerable groups access to public green space service fairness situation cognition is the lack of Shanghai. In the process of the construction of ecological city, the public green construction is still facing many difficulties and challenges. Based on the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission of science and technology support program (15DZ1203606) carried out in downtown Shanghai for As the study area, on the basis of public green space accessibility evaluation, based on the idea of environmental justice to further explore the public green space layout of disadvantaged residents groups is fair. The main conclusions of this paper are: 1. using buffer analysis of different service area of public green space walking distance threshold is lower than the calculated, found the public green space service area ratio increases with walking distance threshold, a distance of 1200 meters of public green space service area ratio reached 95.2%, covering the study area in the vast majority of the residential area. The public green space service area than from the center of the study area to gradually decline, the service area of public green land covers the area is a little more than accessibility of public green space in Pudong.2. calculated using Gauss street two step search method than to move. Overall, streets in the Pudong area of public green space accessibility is to Puxi Better area, accessibility of public green space within the outer ring part of the street in Puxi and Pudong area is relatively low; higher accessibility street is mainly located in the southwestern part of the study area, the southern and Northern Southeast near the outer ring; the New Jiangwan City streets, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Chengjiaqiao street, accessibility of public green space Caohejing New Technology Development Zone Xing.3. was significantly higher than that of other street public green space accessibility and multiple social variables, factor analysis to extract the "city development level", "social status" and "family composition" 3 main factors to reflect the social spatial structure of the study area. According to the factor scores on the streets of packet statistics, found that up to public green based on the social structure differentiation gradient differences. The accessibility of street group is higher level of development in the city's public green space has relatively low socioeconomic status, the lowest Street group enjoyed the highest The accessibility of public green space, children, married population and family households with the highest proportion of street group public green space accessibility best selection of.4. children, the elderly, unemployed population, low educated population and poor housing conditions of residents as the focus of attention of the disadvantaged residents groups and vulnerable groups to calculate comprehensive demand index, found near the outer ring and close to the Huangpu River in Yangpu District, Hongkou District, Zhabei District, Jingan District, Luwan District and Huangpu District streets vulnerable groups comprehensive high demand.5. Mann Whitney U test showed that the elderly population, unemployed population distribution and poor housing conditions of residents have significant differences in the level of accessibility of public green space. Based on the fairness of performance index further confirmed that the aging population, public green space accessibility of unemployed population and poor living conditions of the residents to the average level of study area below the total population of.6.LI SA double variable method to identify the distribution of vulnerable groups and the accessibility of public green space related mode. Research area of central Yangpu District, Hongkou District, Zhabei District, Putuo District, Luwan District and Huangpu District part of the street in the aging population or unemployed population proportion is higher, but the accessibility of public green space is low. Within the inner ring of Hongkou District, Zhabei District and Putuo District public green space accessibility the lower part of the street, but the low educated population or poor housing conditions of the proportion of residents is relatively high. Baoshan District, Hongkou District, Zhabei District within the inner ring of Yangpu District, Luwan District and Huangpu District, part of the street comprehensive high demand of vulnerable groups but the accessibility of public green space is low, suggesting the potential environmental injustice problem. The research results can be for the planning of future city public green space, provide some reference for the management and decision-making.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU985.2

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