列车撞击荷载作用下高铁站房框架结构的动态响应及破坏机理研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 01:11

本文选题：列车脱轨　切入点：高架站房　出处：《西南交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国高速铁路快速发展,高铁站房作为高速铁路的重要组成部分,也迎来了前所未有的建设高潮。被喻为"城市大门"的现代大型高铁站房,大多采用线上式,列车穿行建筑内部。如果列车脱轨撞击高架站房结构,将有可能导致站房结构受损,甚至发生倒塌事故,产生巨大人员伤亡和财产损失。由于高架站房是近十年随着我高速铁路快速发展才大量兴建起来的,而目前针对列车撞击站房结构的研究还很缺乏。因此,本文以列车脱轨撞击站房结构为背景,基于LS-DYNA软件研究了列车撞击站房框架结构动力响应以及破坏模式、机理。本论文的主要研究内容及成果如下:(1)选取典型高架站房框架结构,建立列车、站房结构简化有限元模型,分析了列车不同速度撞击框架结构角柱、边柱、中柱时的动力响应。分析表明,列车以相同速度撞击不同位置的框架柱时,其柱损坏过程基本相同;撞击速度越大,撞击力峰值出现的时间越早,撞击力峰值与撞击速度线性相关;列车撞击站房结构柱过程中,其撞击影响具有局部性,主要集中在被撞柱和相邻构件。(2)总结了撞击作用下框架结构的破坏模式。不同速度撞击作用下,框架结构主要表现两种破坏模式:局部破坏和整体变形损伤。局部破坏:由于列车冲击作用引起的结构柱在碰撞区域以及柱顶节点的损伤,其主要体现在结构柱局部弯剪失效或弯曲变形,柱顶节点周围产生塑性变形。整体变形损伤:列车在碰撞过程中由受撞柱通过柱顶节点传递到上部结构的力引起的结构变形和位移;包括撞击引起的结构平动位移、受撞柱失效引起的竖向倒塌变形等。(3)提取结构内力分析了碰撞荷载作用下结构抗力机制。分析表明,列车撞击站房柱时,在初始小变形阶段,结构柱存在明显拱效应机制,且柱顶轴向约束越强,柱轴压力越大,拱效应越明显;在大变形阶段靠悬链线机制提供抗力;柱顶传递给上部结构的力主要通过平行于冲击方向与之相邻的梁产生轴压力来分担。(4)提出了一种评价框架结构抗冲击性能的方法和流程。针对局部破坏特点,建议采用柱截面相对失效面积为指标的快速评价方法;对整体位移变形,建议采用层间位移角来评估结构的损伤;前者能反应局部构件的抗冲击性能,后者能反应整体结构抗侧向冲击倒塌能力。同时,给出了站房框架结构抗冲击性能评估流程和设计建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of high-speed railway in China, as an important part of high-speed railway, high-speed railway station building has also ushered in an unprecedented climax. If the train derailment hits the structure of the elevated building, it may cause damage to the building structure, or even collapse. Because the elevated building was built in large quantities with the rapid development of our high-speed railway in the last ten years, and the research on the structure of the train impact station room is still very scarce at present. Based on the background of train derailment impact station structure, the dynamic response and failure mode of train impact station frame structure are studied based on LS-DYNA software. Mechanism. The main research contents and results of this paper are as follows: 1) selecting the typical frame structure of elevated station building, establishing a simplified finite element model of train and station building structure, analyzing the angle column and side column of frame structure impacted by different speed of train. The dynamic response of the middle column. The analysis shows that the damage process of the column is basically the same when the train impacts the frame column at the same speed, and the larger the impact velocity, the earlier the peak value of the impact force appears. The peak value of impact force is linearly related to the impact velocity, and the impact effect is local in the course of the train impact on the structural column of the station building. The failure mode of frame structure under impact is summarized. The frame structure mainly shows two failure modes: local failure and global deformation damage. It is mainly reflected in local bending shear failure or bending deformation of structural columns. Deformation and displacement of the structure caused by the force transmitted by the collided column through the top of the column to the superstructure during the collision; including the structural displacement caused by the impact, The structural resistance mechanism under the impact load is analyzed by extracting the internal force of the structure. The analysis shows that the arch effect of the structure column is obvious in the initial small deformation stage when the train hits the station column. The stronger the axial constraint on the top of the column is, the greater the axial pressure of the column is and the more obvious the arch effect is, and the resistance is provided by catenary mechanism in the stage of large deformation. The force transferred from the top of the column to the superstructure is mainly shared by the axial pressure generated by the beam parallel to the impact direction. (4) A method and procedure for evaluating the impact resistance of the frame structure is proposed. It is suggested that the relative failure area of column section should be used as the index of rapid evaluation, and the interstory displacement angle should be used to evaluate the damage of the structure. The former can reflect the impact resistance of local members. The latter can reflect the lateral impact collapse resistance of the whole structure. At the same time, the evaluation flow and design suggestions are given.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU375.4

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