甘肃东乡族自治县县域村庄布局优化研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 02:21

本文选题：甘肃省　切入点：东乡族自治县　出处：《兰州交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：步入中国发展新常态以来,党中央国务院与地方对农村的建设发展提出了一系列的发展战略。例如县(市)域乡村建设规划和村庄规划、美丽乡村规划、传统村落保护规划等。在此背景下,研究县域村庄布局优化切合当前的农村发展战略,符合农村发展的需求与利益。本文选取甘肃省东乡族自治县为研究对象,在理论方法支撑下,研究其县域村庄空间布局特征,提出优化策略,对促进其村庄经济发展,维持良好的农村生态环境,提高农民生活质量以及解决城乡用地矛盾、加快城乡一体化进程和全面建成小康社会具有现实意义。首先,通过实地调研了解当地的基本情况和收集县域、乡镇、行政村的数据资料,以第二次全国土地调查东乡族自治县现状数据库、东乡族自治县数字高程模型和TM遥感影像图等为数据支撑,提取县域居民点、地形因子和其他地类数据,采用ArcGIS技术平台,运用常规Voronoi图和景观格局指数对东乡族自治县县域村庄布局特征进行了分析,县域及各乡镇的Voronoi多边形Cv值都大于64%,村庄整体空间布局均为集聚型。景观格局指数表明县域呈现出破碎度相对较低、部分斑块零散分布、部分斑块稳定的景观格局。整体空间布局表现出“大聚居、小散居”的特征,主要受该地区地形地貌、区位条件、经济社会条件的影响。其次,利用ArcGIS技术平台,对影响村庄布局的自然因素、区位因素、经济社会因素进行了数据统计分析,得出东乡族自治县县域村庄的布局模式主要以卫星式布局、带状式布局、多边形式布局、自由式布局四种为主。再采用层次分析法对影响因素进行了权重排序,依次为地质灾害(0.2654)、距集镇距离(0.1892)、坡度(0.1649)、人口密度(0.1194)、道路可达性(0.0767)、高程(0.0673)、植被环境(0.0420)、距水源距离(0.0311)、人均纯收入(0.0308)、耕地规模(0.0132)。最后,建立综合评价指数模型并建立四级量化赋值表,通过计算得到各村庄的综合评价指数。按照村庄布局规划原则,采用总分频率曲线法将综合评价指数分成以下三类区间:[42.8450,60.5700]、(60.5700,73.3713]、(73.3713,89.3300],分别对应于控制发展型村庄、适度发展型村庄、积极发展型村庄。继而通过划分评价和规划调整,在三类村庄的基础上将村庄居民点划分成城镇化或集镇化居民点、中心村居民点、迁移合并居民点、自然保留居民点,叠加形成东乡族自治县县域村庄布局优化结果,并提出三种类型村庄和四种类型居民点的发展策略,为东乡族自治县县域乡村发展提供借鉴与引导。
[Abstract]:Since entering the new normal of China's development, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council and local governments have put forward a series of development strategies for rural construction. For example, county (city) territory rural construction planning and village planning, beautiful rural planning, Traditional village protection planning and so on. Under this background, the study of county village layout optimization is in line with the current rural development strategy, and conforms to the needs and interests of rural development. In this paper, Dongxiang Autonomous County of Gansu Province is selected as the research object. Under the support of the theory and method, this paper studies the spatial distribution characteristics of the county villages, and puts forward the optimization strategies, which can promote the development of the village economy, maintain a good rural ecological environment, improve the quality of life of the peasants and solve the contradiction between urban and rural land use. It is of practical significance to speed up the process of urban-rural integration and to build a well-off society in an all-round way. First of all, through on-the-spot research and understanding of the basic local conditions and the collection of data from counties, towns, and administrative villages, Based on the current situation database of Dongxiang Autonomous County in the second national land survey, the digital elevation model and TM remote sensing image map of Dongxiang Autonomous County as data support, the county residential area, terrain factors and other ground data were extracted, and the ArcGIS technology platform was adopted. The characteristics of village layout in Dongxiang Autonomous County were analyzed by using conventional Voronoi map and landscape pattern index. The Voronoi polygon CV value of county and township is greater than 64, and the whole spatial distribution of village is agglomeration type. The landscape pattern index shows that the fragmentation degree of county is relatively low, and some patches are scattered. Part of the stable landscape pattern of patches. The overall spatial layout shows the characteristics of "large settlement, small scattered", mainly affected by the terrain and geomorphology, location conditions, economic and social conditions. Secondly, the use of ArcGIS technology platform, Based on the statistical analysis of the natural factors, location factors and economic and social factors affecting the layout of villages, it is concluded that the layout patterns of the county villages in Dongxiang Autonomous County are mainly satellite layout, banded layout, polygonal layout, etc. There are four main types of freestyle layout. Then the weight ranking of the influencing factors is carried out by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The order is geological hazards (0.2654m), distance from market towns (0.1892m), slope (0.1649m), population density (0.1194), road accessibility (0.07677), elevation (0.0673N), vegetation environment (0.0420), distance from water source (0.0311m), per capita net income (0.0308m), cultivated land scale (0.0132n). Finally, a comprehensive evaluation index model is established and a four-level quantitative assignment table is established. According to the principle of village layout planning, the comprehensive evaluation index is divided into the following three types by using the method of total frequency curve: [42.8450 / 60.5700] (60.5700/ 73.3713 / 73.3713) respectively, corresponding to the controlled and moderately developed villages, respectively. Then, on the basis of the three kinds of villages, they are divided into urbanization or town settlements, central village settlements, migration and amalgamation of settlements, and natural reservation of settlements. Superposition forms the optimized result of the county village layout of Dongxiang Autonomous County, and puts forward the development strategy of three types of villages and four types of residential areas, which provides reference and guidance for the development of the county area of Dongxiang Autonomous County.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU982.29

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