拉萨农村民居围护结构保温和蓄热优化研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 01:09

本文选题：拉萨　切入点：民居建筑　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：能源问题与环境问题是当今世界各国都面临的重大问题。近年来,随着西藏地区经济建设的快速发展,城市建设步伐加快,能源的需求也随之快速增长。而西藏是常规能源缺乏、生态环境脆弱的地区,但是西藏也是太阳能资源极为丰富的地区。研究建筑设计如何能够更好的利用太阳能资源以降低建筑能耗,对西藏地区节约能源和保护环境具有重要意义。本文通过冬季现场调研得知拉萨农村地区无集中供暖设备,并且建筑围护结构保温性能普遍较差,因而当地民居室内热环境很差。而当地民居更新较快,但是更新过程中缺乏科学的技术指导,导致新的民居建筑室内热环境不能得到改善,甚至更为恶劣。通过数据分析和传热理论的研究,分析了太阳辐射对外围护结构传热的影响。通过室外综合温度的计算分析,引入有效传热系数概念,计算得到了拉萨地区民居建筑不同朝向的围护结构传热系数限值:屋顶为0.79 W/(m2·K);南墙为1.16W/(m2·K);东西墙为0.92 W/(m2·K);北墙为0.85 W/(m2·K)。通过Design Builder软件模拟分析的方法,分析了拉萨民居建筑不同朝向外窗的热工参数和窗墙比对室内热环境的影响。以改善夜间室内热环境为目的,得到了不同朝向外窗的窗墙比范围。建筑南向应采用大的窗墙面积比;北向应在满足房间采光和通风条件下尽量减小窗户尺寸;建筑南向房间的东西向外墙不适宜开窗户,而北向房间的东西向适宜开窗,且窗户尺寸不宜大于该房间东西向外墙面积的10%。普通双层玻璃窗热工性能较好,价格适宜,便于在拉萨地区推广使用。利用软件模拟的方法分析了拉萨地区围护结构蓄热性能对室内热环境的影响。通过对不同材料与构造蓄热性能的对比分析,优化了拉萨民居建筑围护结构的构造方式。拉萨地区建筑适宜采用较厚的重质材料作为围护结构,有利于改善冬季室内热环境,提高室内空气温度,减小温度波动。本文通过对拉萨农村地区民居围护结构保温性能和蓄热性能的讨论分析,以改善室内热环境为目的,提出了优化围护结构的热工参数与构造做法,为该地区今后的民居更新提供理论参考。
[Abstract]:Energy and environmental issues are major problems facing all countries in the world today. In recent years, with the rapid development of economic construction in Tibet, the pace of urban construction has accelerated. The demand for energy is also growing rapidly. Tibet is a region with a lack of conventional energy and a fragile ecological environment. However, Tibet is also a region rich in solar energy resources. Research on how architectural design can make better use of solar energy resources in order to reduce building energy consumption. It is of great significance to save energy and protect the environment in Tibet. Through the field investigation in winter, this paper finds out that there is no central heating equipment in rural areas of Lhasa, and the thermal insulation performance of building enclosure is generally poor. As a result, the thermal environment in the local houses is very poor. However, the renewal of local houses is relatively fast, but the lack of scientific and technical guidance in the process of renewal leads to the failure to improve the indoor thermal environment of the new residential buildings. Even worse. Through the data analysis and the research of heat transfer theory, the influence of solar radiation on heat transfer of outer envelope structure is analyzed. Through the calculation and analysis of outdoor comprehensive temperature, the concept of effective heat transfer coefficient is introduced. The limit value of heat transfer coefficient for different directions of residential buildings in Lhasa is calculated: the roof is 0.79 W / m ~ 2 路K ~ (2), the south wall is 1.16 W / m ~ (2) 路K _ (2), the east and west wall is 0.92 W / m ~ (2) 路Ko, and the north wall is 0.85 W / m ~ (2) 路K ~ (2). The method is simulated by Design Builder software. This paper analyzes the influence of thermal parameters and window wall ratio on indoor thermal environment of Lhasa residential buildings with different orientation windows. The purpose of this paper is to improve the indoor thermal environment at night. The window / wall ratio ranges with different external windows are obtained. A large window / wall area ratio should be adopted in the south direction of the building; the window size should be minimized in the north direction under the conditions of room lighting and ventilation; the east-west exterior wall of the building facing the room is not suitable for opening windows. The east-west direction of the room is suitable for opening windows, and the window size should not be larger than that of the external wall area of the room in the east-west direction. It is convenient to popularize it in Lhasa area. The influence of thermal storage performance of enclosure structure on indoor thermal environment in Lhasa area is analyzed by the method of software simulation. By comparing and analyzing the heat storage performance of different materials and structures, The structure of enclosing structure of residential buildings in Lhasa is optimized. In Lhasa area, the thicker heavy material is suitable for the surrounding structure, which is helpful to improve the indoor thermal environment and the indoor air temperature in winter. In order to improve the indoor thermal environment, the thermal parameters and construction methods for optimizing the enclosure structure are put forward through the discussion and analysis of the thermal insulation and heat storage performance of the residential enclosure structure in rural Lhasa, which is aimed at improving the indoor thermal environment. This paper provides a theoretical reference for the future renewal of residential buildings in this area.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU111.4

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