非理性条件下出口位置及形式对群集疏散的影响实验

发布时间：2018-03-17 20:21

本文选题：群集效应　切入点：非理性　出处：《西南交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来全球由于密集人群诱发的群集效应引发踩踏事故导致大量的人员伤亡事故。本论文回顾了前人数值模拟和实验的研究成果,研究不同出口位置和不同出口形式条件下小白鼠非理性逃生实验。在正式实验之前,训练90只雌性小白鼠使其熟悉出口位置。所有实验固定出口宽度为2cm,使用一定数量的线香(96支)作为小白鼠疏散的驱动力,使小白鼠产生非理性情绪。本文针对不同出口位置进行群集小白鼠疏散实验,设置中间出口、边角出口、距离左边界2cm、距离左边界10cm、距离左边界20cm等五种工况。针对不同出口形式进行高密度群集实验,设置常规出口、漏斗状出口、圆柱障碍物置于出口、圆柱体障碍物置于漏斗状出口等四种工况。本文通过对逃生模式、平均疏散速度、时间间隔线、时间累计线进行分析,并结合显著性差异、误差线、Burstsize值、时间间隔互补累积概率曲线、幂律法则等系统地研究了疏散过程中的群集行为特征,详细地揭示了各工况疏散效率差异产生的原因。本文主要得到以下结果:(1)边角出口的疏散效率高于中间出口,小白鼠通过中间出口的逃生时间介于347s到418s,平均时间373s,而通过边界一侧的出口的逃生时间介于251s到283,平均时间266s,疏散效率较中间出口提高约40%。非理性群集疏散中,出口位置对疏散效率有显著影响。(2)小白鼠非理性群集逃生实验中最优位置是距离边界一侧2cm处。此位置平均逃生时间为229s,较中间出口的疏散效率提高约63%,较边角出口的疏散效率提高16%。(3)在高度密集非理性群集疏散时,漏斗状出口的疏散效率高于普通出口效率。小白鼠通过漏斗状出口的平均逃生时间为248s;而高密集时通过普通出口的平均逃生时为316s。漏斗状出口的疏散效率提高约22%。(4)在高度密集非理性群集疏散时,圆柱体障碍物置于出口时的疏散效率低于普通出口疏散效率。高密度群集疏散时,小白鼠通过漏斗状出口的逃生时间介于370s到413s,平均时间393s;高密度群集疏散时,圆柱障碍物置于出口前疏散效率降低约24%。(5)在高度密集非理性群集疏散时,障碍物漏斗状出口的疏散效率高于普通出口效率,也略优于单纯的漏斗状出口。高密度群集疏散时,小白鼠通过漏斗障碍物出口的逃生时间介于172s到234s,平均时间208s;比常规出口疏散效率提高约39%,比漏斗出口提高19%。实验表明,出口形式对疏散效率有显著影响。
[Abstract]:In recent years, a large number of human casualties have been caused by the cluster effect induced by dense crowds around the world. In this paper, previous numerical simulation and experimental results are reviewed. To study the irrational escape experiment of mice under different exit positions and different exit forms. Before the formal experiment, 90 female mice were trained to familiarize themselves with the exit position. All the experiments had a fixed outlet width of 2 cm, using a certain number of 96 rodents) as the driving force for the evacuation of the mice. In this paper, we carried out the evacuation experiment of clustered white mice at different exit locations, and set up the middle exit, the corner exit, the middle exit, the corner exit, the middle exit, the middle exit and the corner exit. It is 2 cm from the left boundary, 10 cm from the left boundary and 20 cm from the left side. The high density cluster experiment is carried out for different exit forms. The conventional exit, funnel exit and cylindrical barrier are placed at the exit. This paper analyzes the escape mode, the average evacuation speed, the time interval line, the time accumulative line, and combines the significant difference, the error line is the value of burst size, and so on, the cylinder barrier is placed at the funnel exit, in this paper, the escape mode, the average evacuation speed, the time interval line and the time accumulative line are analyzed. The time interval complementary cumulative probability curve and power law are used to systematically study the characteristics of cluster behavior during evacuation. The main results of this paper are as follows: 1) the evacuation efficiency of the corner exit is higher than that of the intermediate exit. The escape time of the mice through the intermediate exit ranged from 347s to 418s, with an average time of 373s, while the escape time through the exit on the side of the boundary ranged from 251s to 283s, with an average time of 266s. Exit location has a significant effect on evacuation efficiency. (2) the optimal location in the irrational swarm escape experiment of mice is 2cm from the side of the boundary. The average escape time of this position is 229s, which is about 63 times higher than the evacuation efficiency of the middle exit, and is higher than the corner of the edge. The evacuation efficiency of the exit is improved by 16%) when the evacuation is highly intensive and irrational, The evacuation efficiency of funnel exit is higher than that of ordinary exit. The average escape time of mice through funnel exit is 248 s, while that of high density exit is 316 s. The evacuation efficiency of funnel exit is improved by about 3 8 s. During the evacuation of a highly dense and irrational cluster, The evacuation efficiency of the cylindrical barrier at the exit is lower than that of the ordinary exit. The escape time of the mice passing through the funnel exit is between 370s and 413s, with an average time of 393s. The evacuation efficiency of the cylindrical barrier before the exit is reduced by about 24%.) when the evacuation is highly dense and irrational, the evacuation efficiency of the barrier funnel exit is higher than that of the ordinary exit, and is slightly better than that of the simple funnel exit. In the case of high density cluster evacuation, the evacuation efficiency of the barrier funnel exit is higher than that of the ordinary exit. The escape time of mouse through the exit of funnel obstacle is from 172s to 234s, the average time is 208s, and the evacuation efficiency is increased by 39s compared with the conventional exit, and 19 times higher than that of the funnel exit. The experiment shows that the exit form has a significant effect on the evacuation efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU201

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