夏热冬冷地区被动式居住建筑能耗与气密性指标研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 15:25

本文选题：被动式住宅　切入点：能耗分析　出处：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：被动式建筑标准是目前国际范围内公认的最高等级的建筑节能标准,相对于普通建筑,被动式建筑具有环保、节能、高舒适性等优点,如今被动式建筑在很多国家和地区得到了推广和应用。我国的严寒和寒冷地区被动式建筑的发展相对于我国其它地区起步较早,其被动式技术也相对较为成熟,但我国夏热冬冷地区被动式技术还处于刚刚起步的阶段,很多技术指标还有待进一步验证或研究确定。本文以长兴被动房“布鲁克”为参考对象,使用清华大学DEST-c能耗模拟软件建立南京地区被动房数字模型,按照居住建筑的内扰及空调系统的运行模式对建筑模型的年运行能耗进行了能耗分析,结果表明,在被动房新风系统具有70%的全热回收效率的基础上,建筑的年供暖需求和制冷需求分别为3.38kW·h/(m2·a)和22.45kW·h/(m2·a),各项能耗指标完全满足《被动式超低能耗绿色建筑技术导则(试行)(居住建筑)》中对夏热冬冷地区被动房的能耗规定。寒冷地区被动式住宅的气密性要求非常严格,当室内外压差为50Pa的情况下要求每小时换气次数不大于0.6次,要实现如此高的气密性指标必须要有特制的建筑外门窗以及非常严苛的气密性建造工艺。本文以南京为夏热冬冷地区代表,选取南京典型居住建筑使用DEST-c能耗模拟软件按照被动式住宅的各项参数要求建立被动式住宅数字模型,对比分析了气密性对寒冷地区和夏热冬冷地区被动式住宅的重要性,分析结果表明,夏热冬冷地区被动式住宅的气密性不必如寒冷地区被动式住宅规定的那么严格,考虑到高气密性建设的成本和收益平衡问题,建议夏热冬冷地区被动式住宅的气密性应在寒冷地区被动式住宅气密性指标的基础上适当下调。对南京地区被动式住宅模型进行了气密性分析,结果表明,高气密性的被动式住宅于过渡季的表现不如低气密性的被动式住宅,但被动式住宅于冬夏两季的气密性越高越有利于节能,以《被动式超低能耗绿色建筑技术导则(试行)(居住建筑)》中对夏热冬冷地区被动式住宅的能耗指标为判定依据,经分析,建议夏热冬冷地区被动式住宅的外围护结构热工参数取外墙和屋顶传热系数为0.20W/(m2·K),外窗传热系数为1.0W/(m2·K),此时被动式住宅的气密性需要刚刚能够达到我国标准规定的建筑门窗气密性等级8级,建议夏热冬冷地区被动式住宅的气密性不要低于此值,若放松对外围护结构热工参数的要求,则被动式住宅的气密性应在建筑门窗气密性等级能够刚刚达到8级的基础上再次优化,以减小室内外的自然通风换气次数,从而减小能耗。
[Abstract]:Passive building is currently the highest level of international standards within the scope of the accepted building energy efficiency standards, compared to ordinary buildings, passive building with environmental protection, energy saving, high comfort, now the passive building in many countries and regions have been popularized and applied in our country. The development of passive building in the cold zone relative to other areas I started earlier, the passive technology is relatively mature, but in hot summer and cold winter area passive technology in China is still in its infancy stage, a lot of technical indicators still need further verification or research determined. Taking Changxin passive real "Brook" as the reference object, using the Tsinghua University energy simulation software DEST-c established in Nanjing area passive real digital model according to the operation mode of internal disturbance, and the air conditioning system of residential building annual energy consumption of the building model of energy consumption points Analysis results show that the foundation has the total heat recovery efficiency of 70% in real passive air system, heating and cooling demand year demand of the building were 3.38kW - h/ (M2 - a) and 22.45kW h/ (M2 a), the energy consumption indicators fully meet the "ultra low power passive green building technical guidelines (Trial) (residential buildings) Regulations on energy consumption in hot summer and cold winter area of passive house. > air tightness requirements of passive residential buildings in the cold area is very strict, when the indoor pressure is 50Pa under the condition of demand per hour ventilation number of not more than 0.6 times, to achieve such a high gas tightness index must have special the building doors and windows, and very stringent tightness. The construction process in Nanjing as the representative of hot summer and cold winter area, select a typical residential building in Nanjing using DEST-c simulation software according to the parameters of the passive house requires the establishment of passive house digital mode Type, comparison and analysis of the importance of passive air tightness on residential buildings in the cold area in hot summer and cold winter zone, the analysis results show that the air tightness of the passive house in hot summer and cold winter area do not have to be a passive residential buildings in the cold area prescribed so strict, taking into account the income and balance problems into high airtight construction, proposed air tightness passive house hot summer and cold winter area should be in the cold area passive housing tightness index on the appropriate reduction. The air tightness analysis of passive house model in Nanjing area. The results show that the passive residential high tightness in the transition season as the performance of low air tightness of the passive house, but passive house tightness in the two seasons of winter and summer. More conducive to energy conservation, to "ultra low power passive green building technical guidelines (Trial) (residential buildings) residence on passive energy consumption in hot summer and cold winter area" The index for decision basis, by analysis, suggest that peripheral passive houses in hot summer and cold winter area supporting structure of roof and walls of the thermal parameters of heat transfer coefficient is 0.20W/ (M2 - K) 1.0W/, the window heat transfer coefficient (M2 - K), the air tightness of the passive house requires a level of building doors and windows airtight just to meet the required I the national standard of 8, suggested that air tightness don't passive houses in hot summer and cold winter area is lower than this value, if the relaxation of thermal parameters of the external envelope requirements, while air tightness should be able to reach just passive house based on level 8 re optimization of air tightness of doors and windows in the building level, to reduce the number of natural ventilation inside and outside the chamber thus, reducing energy consumption.

【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU111.195;TU241

【参考文献】