基于BIM建筑模型的元胞自动机疏散仿真的实现

发布时间：2018-04-11 22:09

本文选题：疏散 + 元胞自动机模型　；参考：《沈阳航空航天大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：当下国民经济的迅速发展,城市不断扩大,大型公共场所与人们生活的联系也越来越紧密。由于大型公共场所人员的聚集,当有突发状况发生(如火灾、拥挤、自然灾害等)之后,因为人员疏散的不及时造成重大的人员伤亡和财产损失,而且在疏散的过程中,人员的恐慌从众等心理因素容易造成容易大规模的踩踏事故。所以在大型公共场所的项目中,首先要考虑的是人员疏散问题。当前BIM技术正使建筑行业发生革命性的变化,利用该技术获取准确的建筑数据信息,结合Unity强大的游戏和虚拟现实开发能力,使得整个模拟疏散过程的数据和场景变得更加真实。本次课题首先介绍了国内外主要的人员疏散微观模型,并依据其特点选取元胞自动机为本次课题的疏散数学模型;然后利用一些经典的元胞自动机模型,根据其实现机制分析和选择了在本次疏散环境中元胞的空间结构和其邻居类型,并且依据人员在疏散过程中的行为模式构建出元胞的运动规则;接着通过Revit二次开发技术从建筑模型中获取了真实的数据信息。最后为了使疏散过程更为真实,本次课题以Unity为驱动引擎结合C#语言进行人员疏散模拟的开发。本次课题实现了在BIM建筑模型中获得真实的建筑数据并将其应用在元胞自动机模型中,在Unity引擎的驱动下实现了人员疏散过程的模拟,较为真实的模拟出疏散过程中不同的人员在不同的状况下的行动。本次课题对于公共场所制定疏散策略、在设计之初验证建筑物的疏散能力帮助改善其疏散性能设计以及将BIM与虚拟技术相结合都有一定促进意义。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of national economy and the expansion of cities, the relationship between public places and people's lives is becoming more and more close.As a result of the gathering of people in large public places, when there is a sudden situation (such as fire, congestion, natural disasters, etc.), because the evacuation does not cause serious casualties and property losses in time, and in the process of evacuation,Psychological factors such as panic and conformity are easy to cause mass stampede accidents.So in large-scale public places, the first thing to consider is evacuation.At present, BIM technology is making a revolutionary change in the construction industry. By using this technology, we can obtain accurate building data information and combine the powerful game and virtual reality development ability of Unity.It makes the data and scene of the whole simulated evacuation process more realistic.In this paper, the main evacuation models at home and abroad are introduced, and the Cellular Automata is selected as the evacuation mathematical model according to its characteristics, and then some classical Cellular Automata models are used.According to the implementation mechanism, the spatial structure of the cells and the types of their neighbors in the evacuation environment are analyzed and selected, and the movement rules of the cells are constructed according to the behavior pattern of the personnel in the evacuation process.Then the real data information is obtained from the building model by Revit secondary development technology.Finally, in order to make the evacuation process more real, this project uses Unity as the driving engine and C # language to simulate the evacuation.In this paper, the real building data are obtained in the BIM building model and applied in the cellular automata model. The evacuation process is simulated under the driving of the Unity engine.More true simulation of the evacuation process of different people in different conditions of action.This topic is helpful to establish evacuation strategy for public places, to verify the evacuation ability of buildings at the beginning of design, to help improve the evacuation performance design of buildings and to combine BIM with virtual technology.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳航空航天大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU17;TU242

【参考文献】