基于SWMM的沈阳农业大学低影响开发（LID）设计模拟评估

发布时间：2018-04-14 19:00

本文选题：径流量 + 低影响开发　；参考：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前传统的城市公园或者居住区的规划设计上,都是注重外在的表现形式,大量的灰色铺装,高昂的价格却让自然生态变成了人为生态,这样的功能退化,忽略了生态调节和调蓄雨水等的内在功能。本文首先介绍低影响开发的概念,然后总结目前的低影响开发的技术,包括目前应用较多的雨水花园、透水铺装、植草沟、绿色屋顶等LID技术,简述了各个技术的功能特点。依托沈阳农业大学,根据研究区域基本资料,进行LID的改进设计方案。然后运用SWMM模型软件来建立研究区域的雨水模型,设置相应参数之后,根据研究区域划分子汇水区域。参考沈阳市暴雨强度公式合成在2、5和20年三种不同降雨重现期下来模拟研究区域的相关降雨量。结果表明:在2、5、20年的重现期下,LID措施的使用对径流量的削减率分别为88.31%、79.02%、66.81%。由此可见,LID措施的使用大量的削减了径流量,随着重现期的增大,径流量的削减率逐渐减小。对于径流量的洪峰削减率分别为76.41%、70.46%、58.50%。由此可见,LID措施对于降雨洪峰期的削减有很大作用,随着重现期的逐渐增加,LID措施对峰值的削减能力逐渐减弱。系统排出口水质变化情况如下:在2、5、20年重现期下,LID措施对COD的总负荷削减效率分别为80.32%、73.33%、62.84%;对TSS的总负荷削减效率分别为80.32%、73.31%、62.81%;对 TP 的总负荷削减效率分别为 80.23%、73.19%、62.50%。对TN的总负荷削减率分别为80.31%、73.31%、62.79%,对于氨氮的总负荷削减率分别为80.31%、73.33%、62.81%。得出结论,LID措施对于总悬浮颗粒(TSS)、化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和氨氮的去除效果甚佳,各自去除效果不一致,LID措施对五种污染物积累量的去除值在增加,而去除率是随之减小的。此设计方案能够使研究区两年一遇重现期的径流量削减率达到88.4%,洪峰流量削减76.41%,水质的净化效果达到80%以上,径流系数小于0.45,达到《指南》中给予的控制率标准。所以合理的利用LID措施可以有效提高区域排水系统应对大暴雨能力,以此起到从源头控制和消减雨水存积的作用。同时也对其他的校园雨水管理规划设计项目有一定的示范意义。特别对于我国这样一个水资源极度短缺的国家,具有更重要的意义。
[Abstract]:At present, in the planning and design of traditional urban parks or residential areas, attention is paid to the external forms of expression, a large number of grey pavements, but the high price of natural ecology has turned the natural ecology into artificial ecology. This kind of function is degraded.The inherent functions of ecological regulation and storage Rain Water are ignored.This paper first introduces the concept of low-impact development, then summarizes the current low-impact development technology, including Rain Water garden, permeable pavement, grass trench, green roof and other LID technologies, and briefly describes the functional characteristics of each technology.Relying on Shenyang Agricultural University, according to the basic data of the research area, the improved design scheme of LID is carried out.Then the Rain Water model of the study area is established by using the SWMM model software. After setting up the corresponding parameters, the sub-catchment area is divided according to the study area.With reference to the formula of rainfall intensity in Shenyang, the relative rainfall of the study area was simulated in the three different rainfall recurrence periods of 2 ~ 5 and 20 years.The results show that the reduction rate of runoff by the use of Lid is 88.31 and 79.02 respectively under the recurrence period of 2 ~ 5 and 20 years.It can be seen that the use of lids reduces the runoff greatly, and with the increase of the recurrence period, the reduction rate of runoff decreases gradually.The reduction rates of Hong Feng for runoff were 76.41% and 70.46%, 58.50%, respectively.It can be seen that the Lid measures have a great effect on the reduction of rainfall Hong Feng period, and with the increase of the recurrence period, the capacity of the Lid measures to reduce the peak value gradually weakens.The changes of water quality at the outlet of the system are as follows: the total load reduction efficiency of lid measures to COD is 80.32 / 73.33 / 62.844.The total load reduction efficiency of TSS is 80.32 / 73.31and 62.81respectively, and the total load reduction efficiency of TP is 80.23233.193.19and 62.50, respectively.The total load reduction rates for TN are 80.31 and 73.31, respectively. The total load reduction rates for ammonia nitrogen are 80.31 and 73.33 respectively.It is concluded that the removal of TSS, COD, TNN, TPN and NH3-N by the Lid measures is very good, and the removal effect of the LID measures on the accumulation of five pollutants is increasing.And the removal rate decreases with it.This design scheme can make the runoff reduction rate of the study area reach 88.4, Hong Feng discharge reduction 76.41, the purification effect of water quality more than 80%, runoff coefficient less than 0.45, meet the control rate standard given in "Guide".Therefore, reasonable use of LID measures can effectively improve the capacity of regional drainage system to cope with heavy rain, so as to control and reduce the accumulation of Rain Water from the source.At the same time to other campus Rain Water management planning and design project has a certain demonstration significance.Especially for our country, which is extremely short of water resources, it has more important significance.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU984.14;TU992

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