汉中城市历史空间形态特征研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 09:33

本文选题：汉中 + 山水城市　；参考：《西安建筑科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：汉中市地处汉中盆地,气候温和,物产丰盈,为一座宜居的山水城市,也是国家级历史文化名城。建城始于战国时期,因是历代兵家必争之地,在城市建设方面具有自己的特色。然而在快速城市化的冲击下,如今的汉中除了点状分布的一些历史遗迹和几条历史文化街区,城市特色缺失严重,山水环境也遭到一定的破坏。纵观国内对汉中城市、建筑的研究成果却为数不多,因而本文拟站在历史的角度去解读城市的空间和形态,试图用建筑学、建筑史学的视域及其方法来分析找出“原型”,为未来城市的建设和发展找到理论依据。本文以汉中老城区为研究对象,主要研究其城市历史空间形态特征,时间上以明、清、民国为主,对此前历史文献及沿革进行简短梳理。主要分宏观山水格局、中观城池形态演变、微观内部空间要素三个层面对城市历史空间形态进行分析。首先分析古城所处山水环境、营城理念和山水格局的建构方式。汉中北、东、南三面群山环绕,一江三河盘桓,背山面水,负阴抱阳,形成山水城一体的理想城市格局。其次分析城池形态的发展演变及其内在规律,并解析背后影响因子。城市形态从秦厉共公筑城,经“三筑两迁”,南宋嘉定年间迁至今址,明初沿宋嘉定城修筑,天启北拓,清修筑东关土城,民国保留主城,轮廓格局保留至今。形态受军事战争和汉江水患影响较大,由汉江水运带来的经济商业发展主要影响了城外街区的拓展,此外也受到地形地势的自然环境、人口增长、传统礼制思想的影响。再次对城市形态内部构成要素分类进行分析,主要分城墙、街巷、内部空间分区、标志性建筑、民居几个方面,总结内在特征和相互关系。城墙界定了形态的边界,街巷的三级体系撑起城市的骨架,内部空间按功能形成一定的分区,官署居中,宗庙散布,文教空间主要集中在城西南和北大街附近,商业空间偏重东南方。节点建筑更成为片区标志,成为人们可感知的空间意象,窄长形院落式的民居大量拼接构成城市肌理,几种构成要素又互相影响,共同形成汉中城特有的形态特征。最后与现今城市空间进行对比分析,针对目前汉中存在的城市现状问题,结合历史研究得出的结果,提出一些解决的思路和方法,以期能够在城市特色找寻和名城保护方面指导实践。
[Abstract]:Hanzhong City is located in the Hanzhong Basin, the climate is mild, the product is abundant, is a livable landscape city, is also a national historical and cultural city.The construction of the city began during the warring States period, because it was a necessary place for the warlords of the past dynasties, and had its own characteristics in the area of urban construction.However, under the impact of rapid urbanization, in Hanzhong, in addition to the dot distribution of some historical relics and several historical and cultural blocks, the lack of urban characteristics is serious, the landscape environment has also been destroyed to a certain extent.However, there are few research results on architecture in Hanzhong city in China, so this paper intends to interpret the space and form of the city from the historical point of view, and try to find out the archetype by using the perspectives and methods of architecture and architectural history.For the future construction and development of the city to find the theoretical basis.This paper takes the old urban area of Hanzhong as the research object, mainly studies the urban historical spatial form characteristics, mainly in the Ming, Qing and the Republic of China, and briefly combs the previous historical documents and evolution.It is mainly divided into three levels: macroscopic landscape pattern, evolution of meso-scale city-pool form and micro-interior spatial elements to analyze the historical spatial form of the city.Firstly, it analyzes the landscape environment of the ancient city, the concept of the camp city and the construction mode of the landscape pattern.Hanzhong north, east, south three sides surrounded by mountains, a river and three rivers around, back mountain surface water, negative Yin embrace Yang, forming a landscape city ideal pattern.Secondly, it analyzes the evolution of urban formation and its internal law, and analyzes the factors behind it.City form from Qin Ligong Gong construction, through "three build two move", the Southern Song Jiading years moved to the site, the early Ming along the Song Jiading city construction, Tianqi north extension, Qing construction Dongguan Tucheng, the Republic of China retained the main city, the contour pattern has been retained.The shape is greatly affected by military war and the flood of the Hanjiang River. The economic and commercial development brought by the water transportation of the Hanjiang River mainly affects the development of the block outside the city. In addition, it is also influenced by the topographic natural environment, population growth and the traditional idea of etiquette.Thirdly, this paper analyzes the classification of the internal elements of urban form, mainly including city walls, streets and alleys, internal space zoning, landmarks and residential buildings, and summarizes the internal characteristics and mutual relations.The city wall defines the boundary of form, the three-tier system of streets and lanes supports the framework of the city, the inner space forms a certain partition according to its function, the official office is in the center, the temple is scattered, and the cultural and educational space is mainly concentrated near the southwest of the city and the north street.The commercial space is more southeasterly.The nodal building becomes the symbol of the area, and becomes the space image that people can perceive. A large number of conjunctions of narrow and long courtyard houses form the texture of the city, and several elements influence each other, forming the unique morphological characteristics of Hanzhong city.Finally, compared with the present urban space, aiming at the problems existing in Hanzhong city, combined with the results of historical research, the paper puts forward some ideas and methods to solve the problem.In order to find the characteristics of the city and the protection of famous cities to guide the practice.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU984.2

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