云南傣族园林环境特色研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 07:33

本文选题：傣族园林 + 土司衙署　；参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：傣族是我国云南省极为重要的少数民族之一,聚居地主要分布在云南南部、西南部的西双版纳、德宏和普洱等地区。这些地区属热带、亚热带气候,群山环绕、河流广布,气候常年温暖湿润。这些地区优越的自然条件,为物种的生长提供了良好的外部环境,形成了丰富多样的自然景观资源,被誉为"动植物王国",为傣族园林环境特色的形成及高度发展奠定了坚实的物质基础。傣族聚居的地区除了有大量优质的自然景观资源以外,民族文化资源也十分丰富。其中土司衙署、村寨民居和佛寺园林作为傣族文化最直接的有形载体记录着傣民的历史、风俗、生产生活方式和自然观等,是我国少数民族园林文化不可或缺的一部分。具体表现为:一、土司司署是傣族封建统治者的宫殿。反映出中国古代边疆傣族社会的集权制和等级制社会秩序。它从建筑的亭台楼阁、门廊梁柱,到建筑的装饰装修和空间布局,再到建筑色彩的应用,无不体现着确保地方风调雨顺、五谷丰登、百姓生活安康、文明世代相传的理念。历代傣族土司在对汉民族文化的学习和研究的过程中,其审美观、价值观和生活习俗等与汉文化发生了高度融合,形成了具有地域特色的土司文化。土司衙署园林在土司文化中意义非凡,体现出的傣族衙署园林背后蕴含的傣族历史文化内涵。二、傣族聚居地群山环抱,水资源充沛,植物景观资源丰富,得天独厚的自然条件和本民族文化特色经过不断发展,逐渐形成了富有特色傣寨园林景观资源。傣族村寨景观蕴涵着自身特有的形成原因和发展历史、建筑技艺、与自然和谐共生的生态理念、美学知识、社会伦理、宗教文化等,反映和体现着傣族的民间文化和价值观。三、傣族佛寺园林依托于南传佛教文化和傣族文化信仰,将佛教理念注入佛寺建设中,将宗教文化元素运用于佛寺的建筑、景观小品的造型与装饰中,使园林各要素均体现出神圣性、庄严感等强烈的宗教色彩,从而成为傣族人民进行各种大型宗教活动的重要场所,成为小乘佛教文化的传承和发扬的圣地。本文以云南地区的傣族衙署园林、村寨园林和佛寺园林为研究对象,选择具有代表性的案例,在总结前人的理论基础上,结合实际调查研究和分析,从园林构成要素和园林环境特征等方面入手,对傣族园林的选址与环境的关系、空间构成及功能关系、建筑和院落布局的形成与意义、植物景观的功能和宗教文化色彩、景观装饰艺术表达的地域文化和宗教意义等进行分析和总结,进而揭示其深刻的历史及文化内涵,对我们今后对傣族园林环境的规划设计与傣族物质文化遗产保护保护提供可靠的资料来源和依据。
[Abstract]:Dai nationality is one of the most important ethnic groups in Yunnan Province. It is mainly distributed in the south of Yunnan, the southwest of Xishuangbanna, Dehong and Pu'er.These areas are tropical, subtropical, surrounded by mountains and rivers, with warm and humid climates all year round.The superior natural conditions in these areas provide a good external environment for the growth of species and form rich and diverse natural landscape resources.Known as the "kingdom of animals and plants", it has laid a solid material foundation for the formation and high development of the environmental characteristics of Dai gardens.In addition to a large number of high-quality natural landscape resources, ethnic cultural resources are also very rich in the areas inhabited by Dai nationality.As the most direct tangible carrier of Dai culture, Tusi Yazu, village houses and Buddhist temple gardens record Dai people's history, customs, production and life style and natural outlook, which is an indispensable part of the garden culture of minority nationalities in China.The concrete performance is: first, the Tusi Department is the palace of the Dai feudal rulers.It reflects the centralized and hierarchical social order of Dai society in ancient China.From pavilions and pavilions to Liang Zhu, to the decoration and layout of buildings, to the application of architectural colors, it embodies the idea of ensuring that the local conditions are smooth, the grains are plentiful, the people live in health, and civilization is handed down from generation to generation.In the process of studying and studying Han nationality culture, Dai Tusi had a high degree of integration with Han culture, such as aesthetic standards, values and living customs, and formed the Tusi culture with regional characteristics.The Tusi Yazu Garden is of great significance in the Tusi culture, which embodies the Dai historical and cultural connotation behind the Dai Yazu Garden.Second, the Dai people live in the mountains surrounded by abundant water resources, rich plant landscape resources, unique natural conditions and their own cultural characteristics through continuous development, gradually formed the rich characteristics of Dai village landscape resources.Dai village landscape contains its own unique formation and development history, architectural skills, ecological concept of harmony and symbiosis with nature, aesthetic knowledge, social ethics, religious culture and so on, reflecting and embodying Dai folk culture and values.Third, the temple gardens of the Dai nationality are based on the Buddhist culture of the south and the belief of the Dai people. The Buddhist concept is injected into the construction of the Buddhist temple, and the religious cultural elements are applied to the architecture of the Buddhist temple and the modeling and decoration of the landscape sketch.So that all elements of the garden reflect a strong religious color such as sanctity, solemn sense, and thus become an important place for Dai people to carry out various large-scale religious activities, and become a sacred place for the inheritance and development of the Hinayana Buddhist culture.This paper takes Dai Yazu garden, village garden and Buddhist temple garden in Yunnan as the research object, chooses the representative case, on the basis of summing up the theory of predecessors, combined with the actual investigation and analysis.Starting with the elements of landscape architecture and the characteristics of garden environment, this paper discusses the relationship between the location of Dai garden and its environment, space composition and function, the formation and significance of architecture and courtyard layout, the function of plant landscape and religious cultural color.The regional culture and religious significance of the expression of landscape decorative art are analyzed and summarized, and its profound historical and cultural connotations are revealed.This paper provides a reliable data source and basis for the planning and design of Dai garden environment and the protection of Dai's material and cultural heritage in the future.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU986

【参考文献】