被动负刚度阻尼器及其斜拉索振动控制性能研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 10:32

本文选题：被动负刚度阻尼器 + 粘滞　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：随着经济发展和技术进步,土木工程结构体积愈来愈大。超大体积土木工程结构造价高昂,具有重要经济和社会意义。但超大体积土木工程结构周期长、阻尼小,在地震、强风等自然灾害作用下,易产生强烈振动,甚至造成破坏而导致巨大人员伤亡和经济损失。因此,研究控制超大体积土木工程结构动力响应的理论、技术与装备,提高其防灾减灾能力具有重要意义。传统设计理念和方法主要增加结构强度与刚度,但不能提高结构阻尼。结构振动控制则通过附加控制装置以耗散或吸收振动能量,可以显著提高结构阻尼,减小结构振动。控制装置的阻尼力特性基本决定了结构振动控制所能实现的减振效果。本文针对土木工程结构内在阻尼低的突出问题,研究不同机制被动负刚度阻尼器及其振动控制性能与最优设计方法,具体研究内容包括:(1)通过与耗能元件并联,提出了不同阻尼力特性的被动负刚度阻尼器,并建立了被动负刚度阻尼器的理论模型。提出了基于预压弹簧的被动负刚度阻尼器,理论推导并分析了其阻尼力特性;提出了粘滞-被动负刚度阻尼器和形状记忆合金自复位-被动负刚度阻尼器,建立并通过性能试验验证了其阻尼力模型,分析了不同负刚度设计参数对自复位-被动负刚度阻尼器自复位能力与耗能能力影响规律。(2)基于并联和串联机制,研究了可调被动负刚度阻尼器。引入线性负刚度单元,并提出了两种基本构型,可分别实现只调节刚度弹性恢复力和同时调节刚度弹性恢复力与耗能阻尼力两种功能;基于理论推导给出了两种构型等效模型及不同参数的影响规律,通过数值计算揭示了两种构型调节机理,包括其位移响应特点和滞回曲线特性。(3)研究了摩擦-可调被动负刚度阻尼器。通过线性正刚度单元与线性负刚度单元串联,引入内位移调节阻尼器阻尼力,理论推导并数值分析了其等效模型和等效参数;进行了性能试验,研究了不同参数组合下摩擦-可调被动负刚度阻尼器阻尼力特性与调节机理。(4)通过数值模拟和模型试验验证了粘滞-被动负刚度阻尼器对一种典型超长构件-拉索减振控制性能。在单模态振动假设下,通过平均化方法分析了拉索受迫振动频率响应,并给出了弹簧压缩下限;数值计算了正弦荷载和风荷载下拉索响应,分析了时域与频域控制效果;进行了单模态与多模态模型拉索振动控制试验,验证了粘滞-被动负刚度阻尼器所能实现附加模态阻尼比。(5)研究了拉索减振控制中线性负刚度与线性粘滞阻尼最优匹配设计方法。推导了单模态下附加模态阻尼比及二者最优匹配;建立并验证了拉索无限自由度离散化模型,推导给出了附加模态阻尼比,及不同模态下线性负刚度和线性粘滞阻尼最优匹配,并从能量角度分析了负刚度特性阻尼力对拉索控制性能与机理。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and technology, the structure of civil engineering is bigger and bigger.Large-volume civil engineering structure is of great economic and social significance because of its high cost.However, the structure of super-large volume civil engineering has long period and small damping. Under the action of earthquake, strong wind and other natural disasters, it is easy to produce strong vibration, and even cause damage, resulting in huge casualties and economic losses.Therefore, it is of great significance to study the theory, technology and equipment of controlling the dynamic response of large volume civil engineering structure and improve its ability of disaster prevention and mitigation.The traditional design ideas and methods mainly increase the strength and stiffness of the structure, but can not improve the damping of the structure.The damping of the structure can be significantly increased and the vibration of the structure can be reduced by dissipating or absorbing the vibration energy through the addition of control devices.The damping force characteristic of the control device basically determines the vibration absorption effect that can be achieved by the vibration control of the structure.Aiming at the outstanding problem of low inherent damping of civil engineering structures, the passive negative stiffness dampers with different mechanisms and their vibration control performance and optimal design methods are studied in this paper.The passive negative stiffness damper with different damping force characteristics is proposed and the theoretical model of the passive negative stiffness damper is established.In this paper, a passive negative stiffness damper based on preloaded spring is proposed, and its damping force characteristics are deduced and analyzed theoretically, and the viscous and passive negative stiffness dampers and shape memory alloy self-reset passive negative stiffness dampers are presented.The damping force model is established and verified by the performance test. The influence of different negative stiffness design parameters on the self-reset ability and energy dissipation capacity of the passive negative stiffness damper is analyzed.The adjustable passive negative stiffness damper is studied.The linear negative stiffness element is introduced and two basic configurations are proposed which can adjust the stiffness elastic recovery force and the stiffness elastic recovery force and the energy dissipation damping force respectively.Based on the theoretical derivation, the equivalent models of two configurations and the influence laws of different parameters are given, and the regulating mechanisms of the two configurations are revealed by numerical calculation.Including its displacement response characteristics and hysteretic curve characteristics, the friction-adjustable passive negative stiffness damper is studied.Through the linear positive stiffness element and the linear negative stiffness element in series, the damping force of the internal displacement regulating damper is introduced, the equivalent model and the equivalent parameters are derived and numerically analyzed, and the performance tests are carried out.The damping force characteristics and regulating mechanism of friction-adjustable passive negative stiffness dampers under different parameter combinations are studied. Numerical simulation and model tests are carried out to verify the effect of viscous and passive negative stiffness dampers on a typical ultra-long component-tension.Cable vibration control performance.Under the assumption of single mode vibration, the frequency response of forced vibration of cable is analyzed by averaging method, and the lower limit of spring compression is given, the sinusoidal load and wind load are numerically calculated, and the control effects in time domain and frequency domain are analyzed.The vibration control tests of single and multimodal cable are carried out.The optimal matching design method of linear negative stiffness and linear viscous damping in cable damping control is studied.The additional mode damping ratio and their optimal matching in single mode are derived, the discretization model of infinite degree of freedom of cable is established and verified, the additional modal damping ratio is derived, and the optimal matching of linear negative stiffness and linear viscous damping in different modes is derived.The control performance and mechanism of negative stiffness damping force on cable are analyzed from the point of view of energy.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU352.1

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