基于低影响开发理念的哈尔滨区域性公园改造设计研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 17:04

本文选题：城市区域性公园 + LID　；参考：《东北农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着全球气候变暖、城市化进程的加快,一系列城市水文问题与日凸显,如城市洪涝灾害频发、水文环境的恶化等,尤其在城市建设中对“水”过度的“硬、平、填、拦、光、盖、排”,使水的五位一体遭到破坏,“水生态破坏”、“水资源短缺”、“水环境污染”、“水安全风险”、“水文化缺失”等现象不断暴露出来。目前以“单一快排”为主要目的的城市基础设施已不能满足城市发展的需要,低影响开发理论的提出就是为了解决这种“水”现状问题,将末端治理模式转变成源头控制形式,从根源上减少“水”问题的发生。城市绿地系统是低影响开发理论实施的载体,对雨水的消纳和涵养起着至关重要的作用,城市公园是城市绿地系统中的主要组成要素,目前传统的城市公园在规划设计时片面的着重外在的表现形式,忽视了公园的生态调节功能和雨洪调蓄的功能。本文研究旨在探讨低影响开发理念和技术在城市区域性公园中的应用,从LID综合管理措施出发,对LID技术体系进行梳理,选取目前应用较多的几个LID措施(如下凹式绿地、植被浅沟、雨水花园、绿色屋顶、渗透性铺装等)进行总结,并介绍了不同LID措施的功能特点和设计应用条件。研究中将具有渗透、传输、过滤和收集等不同功能的措施结合使用,在发挥其生态效益的同时,增强了公园的景观效果。同时,搜集国内外现有案例,分析案例中LID设施的应用,吸取成功经验。论文抽取了哈尔滨市4个典型城市公园,通过网络搜集和现场调研的方式调查出四个公园在水资源利用方面存在以下问题:1)雨水资源化利用率低,道路、广场和建筑屋顶等,没有任何雨水利用的设施,植被覆盖率不高,部分绿地植物配植结构单一,不利于对雨水的截污截流;2)洪峰削减量不够,很多广场存在积水现象,雨天绿地中雨水滞留严重,降低了洪峰削减量;3)雪资源利用率低,积雪都以融化和清除的方式处理,没有充分利用雪这一重要的水资源;4)中水回用不足,公园中的湖水等水景和植物灌溉用水都是市政供水,没有将两者结合,缺少中水回用的措施。根据四个公园调查出的问题,文章还提出了基于低影响开发的城市区域性公园改造设计策略,首先确定改造设计目标、制定改造设计原则,从公园实地调查及基础资料收集、公园雨水利用潜力分析、LID方案选择、公园布局改造设计和设计方案评估等方面总结出改造设计的内容与方法。最后,论文选取了一个典型的具有共性问题的区域性公园即黛秀湖公园进行LID改造设计实践,通过分析黛秀湖公园的雨水利用潜力,显示改造具有一定的实际意义。根据公园的现状条件,改造采用多功能调蓄水体(人工湖)、下凹式绿地、植被浅沟、雨水花园、渗透铺装、初期雨水弃流设施等低影响开发设施进行径流传输、渗透净化和收集储存,实现径流总量减排、内涝防治、径流污染、雨水资源化利用等多重目标。针对公园在水资源利用方面和景观上存在的问题和不足,设计将公园分为入口景观区、文化活动区、湖体景观区、生态展示区、运动健身区和森林氧吧区六个功能分区,每个功能分区根据自身的景观特点设置不同的景观,低影响开发设施贯穿其中。设计完成之后,利用SWMM建立暴雨雨水管理模型,对公园现状和加入LID后的公园雨水径流过程进行模拟,对比加入LID前后公园的水文效应变化。结果证明,LID技术在城市公园中的应用对公园降雨径流的削减具有一定的效果,削减效果在小型降雨的滞蓄作用上更明显。LID理念和技术能够有效的缓解暴雨带来的水环境问题和洪涝问题。本文的创新点在于通过城市区域性公园的低影响开发改造设计,为城市雨洪的管理开辟了新的道路。在对公园进行改造设计后,利用SWMM模型模拟改造后的公园水文效应变化,对改造设计进行量化评估,通过评估的结果对设计进行优化,为以后的城市公园LID改造实践提供参考。
[Abstract]:With the global warming and the accelerating process of urbanization, a series of urban hydrological problems and days are highlighted, such as frequent urban flood disasters and the deterioration of hydrological environment, especially in the construction of "water" in urban construction, such as "hard, flat, filled, blocked, light, cover, row", so that the water is destroyed by the five in one, "water ecological destruction" and "water shortage". "Water environment pollution", "water safety risk", "water culture lack" and other phenomena are constantly exposed. At present, the urban infrastructure with "single fast row" as the main purpose can not meet the needs of urban development. The low impact development theory is to solve the "water" status problem and change the end treatment model. The urban green system is the carrier of the implementation of the low impact development theory, which plays a vital role in the elimination and conservation of the rainwater, and the urban park is the main component of the urban green space system. In the form of expression, the ecological regulation function of the park and the function of rain and flood regulation are ignored. The purpose of this study is to explore the application of the concept and technology of low impact development in urban regional parks. From the LID comprehensive management measures, the LID technical system is combed, and several LID measures which are now widely used are selected (the following concave green space, planting) It is summed up by shallow gully, rainwater garden, green roof, permeable paving, etc., and introduces the functional characteristics and design application conditions of different LID measures. The study will be combined with various functions such as permeation, transmission, filtration and collection, and enhance the landscape effect of the park while giving full play to its ecological benefits. Domestic and foreign existing cases, the application of LID facilities in the case of analysis of successful experience. This paper extracts 4 typical urban parks in Harbin. Through network collection and field investigation, the following problems are found in the water resources utilization of four parks: 1) low utilization rate of rainwater resources, roads, squares and building roofs, and so on. He rain water conservancy facilities, vegetation coverage is not high, some green plants with single planting structure, is not conducive to the interception of rain water interception; 2) the flood peak reduction is not enough, a lot of squares exist in the water, rain days in the green space is serious, reduced the peak cutting reduction; 3) low utilization rate of snow resources, snow all melt and clear the way to deal with the snow. There is no full use of the important water resources of snow. 4) the reuse of water in the middle water is insufficient, the water and water of the lake in the park are all municipal water supply. There is no combination of the two and the measures for the reuse of the water. According to the problems found in the four parks, the paper also puts forward the design policy of the Urban Regional Park transformation based on the low impact development. In the first place, the reform design goal was determined and the reform design principle was formulated. The contents and methods of the reform design were summarized from the park field investigation and the basic data collection, the park rainwater utilization potential analysis, the LID scheme selection, the park layout transformation design and the design scheme evaluation. Finally, a typical common problem was selected. The Regional Park, Daixiu Lake Park, is designed by the LID reform design. Through the analysis of the rainwater utilization potential of Daixiu Lake Park, it shows that the reform has some practical significance. According to the conditions of the park, the multi-function storage water (artificial lake), the lower concave green space, the shallow furrow of the vegetation, the rainwater garden, the permeable paving and the initial rainwater discarding are used. Facilities, such as low impact development facilities, carry out runoff transmission, permeate purification and collect storage, realize the multiple targets of total runoff emission reduction, waterlogging control, runoff pollution, rainwater resource utilization and so on. In view of the problems and shortcomings of the park in water resources utilization and landscape, the park is divided into the entrance landscape area, the cultural activity area, the lake body The landscape area, the ecological display area, the sports fitness area and the forest oxygen bar area six functional zoning, each functional division sets different landscape according to its own landscape characteristics, and the low influence development facilities run through it. After the design is completed, the rainstorm rain management model is set up by SWMM, and the park's current situation and the park rain runoff after joining the LID are passed through the process. The results show that the application of LID technology in urban parks has a certain effect on the reduction of Park rainfall runoff, and the reduction effect is more obvious in the small rainfall lag effect, and the.LID concept and technology can effectively alleviate the water environment problems and flood problems caused by the rainstorm in the urban park. The innovation of this paper is to open up a new road for the management of urban rain and flood through the design of the low impact development and transformation of urban regional parks. After the reform and design of the park, the SWMM model is used to simulate the changes in the hydrological effect of the reconstructed Park, and the design is evaluated quantitatively, and the design is optimized by the results of the evaluation. It will provide reference for LID reconstruction in the future urban parks.

【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU992;TU986.5

【参考文献】