基于地方依恋的黎平县侗族稻作文化景观保护研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 02:29

本文选题：稻作文化景观 + 地方依恋　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：稻作文化景观是基于稻作活动形成的有关物质、制度、精神等文化事项的文化景观,它不仅包括种植景观,还包括由稻作生产而影响的民俗民风、民族信仰、生活方式、社会形态等人文景观。侗族是一个没有文字的山地稻作民族,从生产到生活再到民族文化处处彰显着稻作民族的文化特色。侗族人“饭稻羹鱼”的饮食传统和“火耕水褥”的耕作传统,孕育了以“软田”糯稻为主的“稻鱼鸭”共生稻作系统,并于2011年正式纳入世界重要农业文化遗产目录。但是,由于社会经济发展,黎平侗族地区固有的稻作生产制度和传统观念受到外来文化的巨大冲击,特别是居民保护和传承意识淡薄,严重阻碍了侗族稻作文化景观的保护和发展,许多优秀的稻作文化景观正面临着巨大危机。因此,对侗族稻作文化景观进行保护性研究具有重要意义。本文主要研究内容有三个方面:实地调研,发现现状问题;采用“地方依恋”理论深入分析;提出保护性策略。首先,本文选取了黎平县堂安村、竹坪村、黄岗村作为田野调查点,从自然生态环境、物质文化、制度文化、精神文化、生计来源五个方面展开了详细调研。调研结果一方面发现了三个村落稻作文化景观面临的现状问题,另一方面总结了侗族稻作文化景观在景观、生态、经济三个层面的保护价值。其次,本文引入居民地方依恋的研究框架和研究模型,提出“居民背景差异对地方依恋、认知、保护态度有显著影响”、“居民地方依恋对糯稻系统性认知及保护态度有正向影响”两组假设。文章以当地常住侗民为调查研究对象,通过问卷调查,将收集的有效数据导入SPSS软件进行了描述性分析、信效度分析、相关性分析、回归分析,结果表明:此地居民地方依恋度整体较高;并且居住时间越长,经济收入越高,居民地方依恋度越强;居民地方依恋度越高对稻作文化景观的保护态度及认知就越强。最后,本文基于地方依恋分析结果,提出可持续“活态”保护、保护与发展同步、经济与生态共赢的三大保护原则。结合现状问题提出了建立生态补偿机制振兴“软田”糯稻产业;对物质文化景观采取整体记忆式保护;对非物质文化景观采用新媒体宣传、民族文化进课堂、社区农民学习班、专业传承人培养等方法全方位提高居民地方认同度;通过积极发展乡村旅游和建设软田湿地生态农业示范基地等途径,增加居民回乡创业就业的途经和经济收入,提高居民地方依赖度。全方位、多途径的引导居民主动保护、传承、创新稻作文化景观,实现稻作文化景观的可持续“活态”保护。希望本文的研究,对侗族稻作文化景观的保护起到参考和借鉴作用,对我国“活态遗产”的保护措施和理论作一些丰富和补充。
[Abstract]:Rice cultural landscape is a cultural landscape based on related cultural matters, such as material, system, spirit, etc. It includes not only the planting landscape, but also folk customs, national beliefs, and ways of life influenced by rice production. Social forms and other humanistic landscape. Dong nationality is a mountain rice farming nation without characters. From production to life to national culture, Dong nationality shows the cultural characteristics of rice farming nation everywhere. The diet tradition of "rice and rice soup fish" and the cultivation tradition of "fire tillage and water mattress" of Dong nationality people gave birth to the "rice-fish-duck" symbiotic rice cropping system with "soft field" glutinous rice, and was formally included in the world's important agricultural and cultural heritage list in 2011. However, due to the social and economic development, the traditional rice production system and traditional concept of the Dong nationality area in Liping have been greatly impacted by foreign culture, especially the weak awareness of protection and inheritance of the residents. The protection and development of Dong ethnic rice cultural landscape are seriously hindered, and many excellent rice cultural landscapes are facing a great crisis. Therefore, it is of great significance to protect the cultural landscape of Dong rice. The main contents of this paper are as follows: field investigation, discovery of current problems, in-depth analysis of the theory of "local attachment", and putting forward protective strategies. Firstly, this paper selects Tangan Village, Zhuping Village and Huanggang Village in Liping County as field investigation points, and carries out detailed investigation from five aspects: natural ecological environment, material culture, system culture, spiritual culture and livelihood source. On the one hand, the present situation of rice culture landscape in three villages was found, on the other hand, the protection value of Dong rice culture landscape in landscape, ecology and economy was summarized. Secondly, this paper introduces the research framework and research model of resident local attachment, and points out that "the difference of residents' background has significant influence on local attachment, cognition and protective attitude". There were two hypotheses about the positive effect of local attachment on the systemic cognition and protective attitude of glutinous rice. This paper takes the local resident Dong people as the research object, through the questionnaire investigation, will collect the valid data to carry on the descriptive analysis, the reliability analysis, the correlation analysis, the regression analysis, the SPSS software, the correlation analysis, the regression analysis. The results showed that the degree of local attachment was higher, and the longer the resident time, the higher the economic income, the stronger the degree of local attachment, and the stronger the protection attitude and cognition of the local attachment to the rice cultural landscape. Finally, based on the results of local attachment analysis, this paper puts forward three principles of sustainable "living state" protection, protection and development synchronization, and win-win economic and ecological protection principles. Combined with the current situation, the paper puts forward the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism to revitalize the "soft field" glutinous rice industry; to take the overall memory protection to the material cultural landscape; to adopt the new media propaganda to the non-material cultural landscape; to promote the national culture into the classroom, and to study the community farmers' classes. The training of professional inheritors will improve the local identity of residents in all directions, and increase the way and economic income of residents returning to their hometowns for pioneering employment through the active development of rural tourism and the construction of demonstration bases for eco-agriculture in soft fields. Increase the local dependency of residents. In order to realize the sustainable "living state" protection of rice cultural landscape, the residents should be guided to actively protect, inherit and innovate the rice cultural landscape. It is hoped that the study in this paper can be used as a reference for the protection of the cultural landscape of Dong ethnic rice and enrich and supplement the conservation measures and theories of "living heritage" in China.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU982.29

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