基于安全感的城市公园空间环境评价及设计研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 11:59

本文选题：城市公园 + 安全感　；参考：《福建农林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：公园作为城市中的公共开放空间,为人们提供了一个消除生理和心理疲劳的重要场所。但是,在城市高犯罪率的影响下,公园也成了违法犯罪常发地之一,这不仅降低了公园空间环境的安全性,也给人们带来犯罪被害恐惧感。本文从游人的安全感出发,对城市公园犯罪发生的时空特征、犯罪空间的建设问题以及空间环境的评价标准与设计内容进行研究。本文的主要研究内容如下:(1)城市公园游人安全感概念的界定和影响因素的归纳。结合国内外与安全感相关的概念、影响因素等研究综述以及国内城市公园犯罪发生的背景,本文将安全感概念界定为游人的犯罪被害恐惧感,将影响城市公园游人安全感的因素划分为物质客观层面和个人主观层面。(2)城市公园犯罪空间的环境调查与分析。本研究以福州城市公园为例,搜集了 2006-2016年这段时期在该市14个城市公园发生的64起犯罪资讯,根据资讯信息展开实地调查,探究城市公园犯罪发生的时空特点,从空间环境构成角度进行深入分析。(3)基于安全感的城市公园空间环境评价体系的建立。结合理论基础和实践调查,笔者从空间因素、环境因素、社会因素、安全管理、经验因素、心理因素六个准则层出发,收集了 28个与城市公园游人安全感相关的指标层因子,建立起基于游人安全感的城市公园空间环境评价体系。并利用专家征询表和评价权重调查表,通过层次分析法的运算法则确定评价体系的相对权重值,最终获得空间D/H比、空间边界等23个最终指标的重要性排序。(4)实证研究。选取具有代表性的西湖公园、闽江南园、国光公园作为评价体系的实证研究对象。根据公园的空间结构、布局和道路系统划分各空间,并应用评价体系评价方法对各空间游人安全感进行评价,最后综合各公园游人安全感的总体评价值,指出公园空间建设及治安管理存在的不足之处。(5)城市公园空间环境游人安全感的提升策略与设计建议。结合城市公园空间环境安全感的评价指标体系,尝试从城市公园的空间环境设计、游人被侵害的心理安全认知、公园犯罪被害恐惧的实践研究三个方面提出意见,以期抑制城市公园的犯罪现象,构建符合游人心理安全需求的城市公园空间环境,从而降低游人的犯罪被害恐惧感。
[Abstract]:As a public open space in the city, parks provide an important place for people to eliminate physical and psychological fatigue. However, under the influence of the high crime rate in the city, the park has become one of the common places of crime and crime, which not only reduces the security of the park space environment, but also brings people a sense of fear of crime and victimization. Based on the sense of security of visitors, this paper studies the space-time characteristics of crime in urban parks, the construction of crime space and the evaluation standard and design content of space environment. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the definition of the concept of the sense of security of tourists in urban parks and the induction of the influencing factors. Combined with the domestic and foreign concepts related to security, influencing factors and other research reviews, as well as the background of crime in domestic urban parks, this paper defines the concept of security as the sense of fear of crime and victimization of tourists. The factors affecting the sense of security of urban park visitors are divided into physical objective level and personal subjective level. 2) Environmental investigation and analysis of urban park crime space. Taking Fuzhou City Park as an example, this study collected 64 crime cases from 2006 to 2016 in 14 urban parks in the city, and carried out field investigations according to the information to explore the temporal and spatial characteristics of crime in urban parks. From the angle of space environment composition, the paper analyzes deeply the establishment of urban park spatial environment evaluation system based on the sense of security. Based on the theoretical basis and practical investigation, the author collected 28 index layer factors related to the sense of security of urban park visitors from six levels of criteria, namely, spatial factors, environmental factors, social factors, safety management factors, experiential factors and psychological factors. To establish the urban park space environment evaluation system based on the tourist security. Using expert consultation table and evaluation weight questionnaire, the relative weight of evaluation system is determined by the algorithm of analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Finally, the importance order of 23 final indexes, such as spatial D- / H ratio and spatial boundary, is obtained. The representative West Lake Park, Minjiang South Park and Guoguang Park are selected as the empirical research objects of the evaluation system. According to the space structure, layout and road system of the park, the space is divided into different spaces, and the evaluation method is applied to evaluate the sense of security of the visitors in each space. Finally, the overall evaluation value of the sense of safety of the visitors in the parks is synthesized. The paper points out the deficiency of park space construction and public security management. (5) the strategies and design suggestions for improving the sense of security of urban park space environment tourists. Combined with the evaluation index system of the sense of security of urban park space environment, this paper tries to put forward some suggestions from three aspects: the design of space environment of urban park, the cognition of psychological safety of tourists being violated, and the practical research on the fear of crime and victimization in the park. In order to restrain the crime phenomenon of the city park, construct the space environment of the city park which meets the needs of the tourists' psychological security, thus reduce the fear of crime and victimization of the tourists.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU986

【参考文献】