基于水资源回用的北京高校校园绿色基础设施研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 12:25

本文选题：水资源回用 + 绿色基础设施　；参考：《北方工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前,我国部分城市所在地域水资源总量匮乏,经常出现城市供水紧张的局面。然而,由于我国城市化进程的不断推进,城市及其周边地区水系统退化现象严重,在气候环境改变与极端天气频繁发生的情况下,城市地区又极易发生内涝灾害。这种"平时水少"与"短时水多"的矛盾,使得改进与转变城市水资源的回用模式迫在眉睫。低影响开发技术作为水资源回用型绿色基础设施,可以有效缓解上述"水少"与"水多"的矛盾。此外,高校校园作为城市用地的重要组成部分,在城市节约用水与防洪减灾方面扮演着十分重要的角色。因此,研究水资源回用型绿色基础设施在高校校园的应用意义重大。本文参考《加拿大绿色基础设施导则》、《纽约绿色基础设施计划》、《多伦多低影响开发暴雨管理规划设计导则》、《海绵城市建设技术指南》等国内外相关文献资料,对绿色基础设施、低影响开发、水资源回用等相关理论进行了整理总结;依据加拿大《多伦多低影响开发暴雨管理规划设计导则》,归纳了水资源回用型绿色基础设施的类型、物理适用性及水平衡效益;并对北京典型高校校园地块情况和水资源回用情况进行调查统计,计算了在特定条件下水资源回用型绿色基础设施在北京高校校园中的暴雨径流消减效益与水平衡效益,初探了北京高校校园的水资源回用型绿色基础设施应用策略。本文通过对北京典型高校校园的用水情况及不同条件下降雨量、土壤入渗量、绿色基础设施的应用效益的估算,研究分析了水资源回用型绿色基础设施在北京高校校园水资源回用方面的应用潜力与效益。通过研究可知,在设施效益方面,因地制宜地在北京高校校园建设基于水资源回用型绿色基础设施,可以达到很高的水平衡与暴雨径流消减效益;在设施类型选择方面,适于北京高校校园的水资源回用型绿色基础设施包含雨水收集系统、绿色屋顶、屋顶落水管、渗透系统、滞留池、植被过滤带、透水路面、植草洼地与多孔管系统;在应用策略方面,高校校园教学楼、宿舍楼、住宅楼等建筑密度较高且建筑屋顶汇水面积较大的地块适于应用雨水收集系统;在校园次要道路、支路、园路、停车场等对承重能力要求不高的道路适于应用透水路面;在雨水入渗不影响建筑地基的透水地表范围或大面积绿地地块适合应用渗透系统、植被过滤带、滞留池、植草洼地等雨水滞留、渗透设施。在满足特定条件时,各类水资源回用型绿色基础设施的相互配合会产生更大水平衡效益及暴雨径流消减效益。
[Abstract]:At present, some cities in our country are short of water resources, which often lead to shortage of urban water supply. However, due to the continuous progress of urbanization in China, the degradation of water system in cities and its surrounding areas is serious. In the case of climate change and extreme weather frequent, urban areas are prone to waterlogging disasters. This contradiction between "less water in ordinary times" and "more water in short time" makes it urgent to improve and change the reuse mode of urban water resources. As a green infrastructure of water resources reuse, low-impact development technology can effectively alleviate the contradiction between "less water" and "more water" mentioned above. In addition, as an important part of urban land use, university campus plays a very important role in urban water conservation and flood control and disaster reduction. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the application of water resources reuse green infrastructure in university campuses. With reference to the Canadian Green Infrastructure guidelines, the New York Green Infrastructure Program, the Toronto low impact Development rainstorm Management Planning and Design guidelines, the Sponge City Construction Technical Guide, and other relevant documents at home and abroad, the green infrastructure, The related theories such as low impact development, water resources reuse and so on are summarized, and the types of green infrastructure for water resources reuse are summarized according to Canada's "guidelines for the Planning and Design of low impact Development rainstorm Management in Toronto". Physical applicability and water balance benefit, and the investigation and statistics of campus land and water resources reuse in typical universities in Beijing, The benefits of rainstorm runoff abatement and water balance in Beijing university campus are calculated under certain conditions, and the application strategies of water resources reuse green infrastructure in Beijing university campus are discussed. In this paper, the authors estimate the water use of typical university campuses in Beijing, the rainfall under different conditions, the amount of soil infiltration, and the benefit of the application of green infrastructure. The application potential and benefit of the green infrastructure of water resources reuse in the campus water resources reuse of Beijing colleges and universities are studied and analyzed. Through the research, we can know that in the aspect of facility benefit, constructing green infrastructure based on water resources reuse in Beijing university campus can achieve high water balance and rainstorm runoff abatement benefit; in the aspect of facility type selection, The green infrastructure of water resources reuse in Beijing university campus includes Rain Water collection system, green roof, roof water pipe, osmotic system, retention pool, vegetation filter belt, permeable pavement, grass planting depression and porous pipe system. In terms of application strategy, high density buildings, dormitory buildings and residential buildings are suitable for the application of Rain Water collection system in campus secondary roads, branch roads, garden roads, etc. The roads with low load-bearing capacity, such as parking lot, are suitable for the application of permeable pavement, and the infiltration of Rain Water does not affect the permeable surface area of the building foundation or the large area of green land is suitable for the application of osmotic system, vegetation filter belt, retention pool, etc. Grass planting depressions and other Rain Water detention, infiltration facilities. When the specific conditions are satisfied, the coordination of the green infrastructure of various types of water resources reuse will produce greater water balance benefits and rainstorm runoff abatement benefits.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU984.14

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