加纳的建筑物倒塌：与利益相关者之者的关系

发布时间：2018-06-22 04:50

本文选题：建筑倒塌 + 利益相关方　；参考：《中南林业科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：最近加纳的建筑物坍塌问题已经成为一种严重威胁,几乎每个月都有建筑倒塌,人们的生命遭受严重威胁,财产遭到了严重损失。建筑的失效和坍塌一般有自然因素和人为因素,但重要的是人为因素,包括管理和设计因素。目前在加纳还没有研究人员对建筑物倒塌进行过系统的学术分析,因此需要在建筑技术和建设管理方面找到一个切实可行的解决问题的新方法来预防建筑物倒塌。本文重点研究利益相关者在建筑物坍塌问题中所扮演的角色以及应对措施。本研究采用定量和定性相结合的混合研究方法,在收集数据方面,在加纳的两个主要城市阿克拉和库马西,对政府监管机构的16个专家和专业人士进行了采访;此外,104个利益相关者包括建筑承包商、工匠、工人和业主等进行了采样问卷调查。调查发现,在加纳建筑物倒塌的问题已经成为一个城市的普遍现象,这是由于部分承包商对建筑法规的不重视、缺乏监控和监管机构监督、设计失误导致结构失效等。分析建筑物倒塌的原因,业主认为承包商和监管机构的失职是导致建筑物大量倒塌的原因。研究还指出,在法律框架下,建立监管体系以及审查机构,引入监测、监督和执行等法律法规机制,才能有效防止建筑物在加纳的倒塌。研究发现,大多数(78.8%)的受访者认为现行的主客观原因导致了建筑法规实施不到位,如法规的执行不力、对现行法律的教育不够、法律不能与时俱进等。研究还发现,城乡规划部门没有充分考虑到行政执法和公众教育的基本关系,处理好这两者的关系可以有效预防建筑物倒塌,可以使政府各职能部门有效运转。研究还建议增加建筑法规监督员,为此城市规划部门应该为督察员提供足够的装备交通条件和增加监督员的履职能力。政府应该在公共教育电视和电台加大宣传力度,让人们充分了解现有的建筑法规和执法要求。此外,私人开发商和业主必须雇佣结构工程师、项目分包给专业的承包商、聘请合格的设计师以及购买高质量的建筑材料等。再次,大都会议会、市政议会和区议会应该立法确保人们不在没有分区和规划的土地上建设,杜绝减少未经授权的建筑项目。政府应该设立特别法庭,起诉无视或违反建筑法规的案件,加大罚款力度等惩罚措施,确保在该地区的建设符合建筑法规要求。城乡规划法规制定部门和执法部门应该在一个统一的领导下运作,以确保法规执行的有效性和执行效率,因为他们的功能是互补的,当两者组合在一起时,他们可以协同作战、各负其责,可以实现社会效益的最大化,达到有效制止建筑物倒塌的目标。
[Abstract]:The collapse of Garner's buildings has been a serious threat recently, with buildings collapsing almost every month, serious threats to people's lives, and serious loss of property. The failure and collapse of buildings are generally natural and human factors, but human factors, including management and design factors, are currently in Garner. No researchers have made a systematic academic analysis of the collapse of the building, so it is necessary to find a new method to prevent the collapse of the building in the construction technology and construction management. This paper focuses on the role of the stakeholders in the collapse of the building and the countermeasures. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was used to collect data on 16 experts and professionals of government regulators in two major cities of Garner, Accra and Kumasi. In addition, 104 stakeholders, including construction contractors, craftsmen, workers and owners, conducted questionnaires. It has been found that the collapse of the Garner building has become a common phenomenon in a city. This is due to the lack of attention to the construction regulations by some contractors, the lack of supervision and supervision, the failure of the design and the failure of the structure, etc. Analysis of the causes of the collapse of the buildings, the owners believe that the negligence of the contractors and regulators is the construction of the building. The study also pointed out that, under the legal framework, the establishment of regulatory systems and censorship, the introduction of monitoring, supervision and enforcement mechanisms can effectively prevent buildings from collapsing in Garner. The study found that most of the respondents (78.8%) recognized the current subjective and objective reasons for the lack of construction laws and regulations. If the law is not carried out, the education of the current law is not enough, the law can not keep pace with the times, the research also finds that the urban and rural planning departments have not fully taken into account the basic relationship between the administrative law enforcement and the public education, and the relationship between the two can effectively prevent the collapse of the buildings and make the various functional departments of the government run effectively. It is suggested that the supervisor should be added to the building code. Therefore, the urban planning department should provide the inspectors with sufficient equipment and traffic conditions and increase the ability to perform their duties. The government should increase publicity on the public education television and radio stations to make people fully understand the existing construction regulations and law enforcement requirements. In addition, private developers and owners must Hired structural engineers, projects are subcontracted to professional contractors, qualified designers and high quality building materials. Thirdly, the metropolitan Council, municipal councils and district councils should legislate to ensure that people do not build land without partitions and planning, and eliminate unauthorized construction projects. The government should set up special projects. The tribunal, the prosecution of cases of disregard of or violation of the building code, and the increase of penalties such as fines to ensure that construction in the area meets the requirements of the construction regulations. The urban and rural planning regulations and law enforcement departments should operate under a unified leadership in order to ensure the effectiveness and efficiency of the implementation of the regulations because their functions are Complementary, when the combination of the two is together, they can cooperate with each other and take their respective responsibilities. They can achieve the maximization of social benefits and achieve the goal of effectively stopping the collapse of the buildings.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU312.3

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