基于固定价格合同的风险控制与决策

发布时间：2018-07-10 15:23

本文选题：固定价格合同 + 索赔　；参考：《长安大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：多年来,随着建筑市场的不断扩大,越来越多的综合实力强劲的竞争者们使得现今的国内外建筑工程承包市场的竞争形势日趋激烈。在这一大环境下,不占据工程合同签订主导地位的承包人为了争取更多的工程施工权,往往必须被动接受风险分摊上天然有利于发包人的固定价格合同。由于固定价格合同一般不进行工程价格调整,并且承包人在投标竞争时常常已经采取了“低价让利”的方式来获得工程,一旦工程风险发生承包人往往无力承担,却又因合同约定的限制无法顺利索赔,导致承包人利益极大损失,与发包人发生索赔纠纷难以避免。所以,做好承包人合同索赔风险的控制,通过适当的合同约定决策来尽力避免索赔纠纷的发生,可以更好地保障承包人的利益不受损失。本文首先对固定价格合同的存在使用现状和使用固定价格合同的工程中存在的索赔风险因素进行了梳理分析,同时总结了我国固定价格合同索赔中存在的问题和难点,得出结论:固定价格合同在工程中使用广泛,但其潜在索赔风险因素多、索赔过程困难导致了承包人利益受损频发。继而本文提出了这一困境的解决方式:在固定价格合同签订时,利用模型对合同中潜在的风险因素量化计算,明确主要风险,然后通过约定合理的“风险幅度”这一方式来尽力避免合同索赔纠纷的发生。而后,通过建立复杂条件层析分析模型,创新性地对工程中潜在风险的影响权重进行了量化,帮助承包人明确风险控制的目标和优先级,指导承包人有针对性的进行合同约定决策。同时,结合实际案例阐述了复杂条件层次分析模型在工程实践中的应用。最后,为承包人提出了签订固定价格合同时控制合同索赔风险的相应建议。
[Abstract]:Over the years, with the continuous expansion of the construction market, more and more comprehensive strength of the strong competitors make the current domestic and foreign construction contract market increasingly fierce competition. In this environment, in order to gain more construction rights, the contractor who does not occupy the leading position of signing the project contract must passively accept the fixed price contract which is naturally beneficial to the contractor. Because the fixed price contract generally does not carry on the project price adjustment, and the contractor has often adopted the "low price to give profit" way to obtain the project in the bidding competition, once the project risk occurs, the contractor is often unable to bear, However, due to the limitation of the contract, the contractor can not claim smoothly, resulting in great loss of interests of the contractor, and disputes with the contractor are difficult to avoid. Therefore, to control the risk of the contractor's contract claim and to avoid the dispute through the proper contractual decision can better protect the contractor's interests from loss. In this paper, the existence and use of fixed price contract and the risk factors of claim in the project with fixed price contract are analyzed, and the problems and difficulties in the claim for fixed price contract in China are summarized. The conclusion is that the fixed price contract is widely used in engineering, but its potential claim risk factors are many, and the difficulty of claim process leads to frequent damage to the contractor's interests. Then this paper puts forward the solution to this dilemma: when the fixed price contract is signed, the model is used to quantify the potential risk factors in the contract, and the main risks are defined. Then we try our best to avoid the dispute of contract claim by agreeing a reasonable "risk range". Then, through the establishment of complex condition chromatography analysis model, the impact weight of potential risk in the project is innovatively quantified to help the contractor to define the objectives and priorities of risk control. Direct the contractor to make the contract agreement decision. At the same time, the application of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model in engineering practice is expounded. Finally, the author puts forward some suggestions for the contractor to control the risk of contract claim when signing a fixed price contract.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU723

【参考文献】