基于应急疏散智能体模型模拟的城市避难所空间配置——以上海市静安区为例
发布时间：2018-07-28 15:35
【摘要】：城市应急避难所的空间配置一直是灾害防治和城市安全研究领域的热点问题。本文以城市居民尽快地,尽少拥挤地到达满足容纳需求的应急避难所为目标,整合遥感影像数据、高精度人口分布数据、交通路网数据和专家知识等数据,综合运用智能体模型和多准则决策方法,对城市避难所空间配置开展研究。本文设计了三类与应急疏散相关的智能体:政府智能体、避难所智能体和居民智能体,来实现应急疏散的模拟,并根据模拟结果支持应急避难所的空间选址和配置。选址方法上运用了多准则决策方法和权重敏感性分析,在选址高适宜区域内选定避难所的新建方案。以新的避难所空间布局和配置为条件,执行新一轮的应急疏散模拟过程,实现选址的循环优化,从而获得最终的避难所空间配置方案。本文以上海市静安区的应急避难所空间配置分析为案例,生成了该区域应急避难所的详细空间配置方案,该方案能帮助居民在尽少拥挤风险下尽快疏散到附近的避难所。本文提出的方法充实了中国城市避难所选址的相关理论与可操作性的技术基础,为其他地区开展避难所的配置工作提供借鉴与参考。
[Abstract]:The spatial allocation of urban emergency shelters has been a hot issue in the field of disaster prevention and urban safety. The aim of this paper is to integrate remote sensing image data, high-precision population distribution data, traffic network data and expert knowledge with the goal of urban residents arriving at emergency shelters to meet the needs of accommodation as soon as possible and with as little congestion as possible, such as remote sensing image data, high-precision population distribution data, traffic network data and expert knowledge, etc. By using agent model and multi-criteria decision-making method, the spatial allocation of urban shelter is studied. In this paper, we design three kinds of agents related to emergency evacuation: government agent, shelter agent and resident agent to realize the simulation of emergency evacuation, and support the space location and configuration of emergency shelter according to the simulation results. The multi-criteria decision method and the weight sensitivity analysis are used to select the new shelter in the high suitable location area. Under the condition of the new space layout and configuration of shelter, a new round of emergency evacuation simulation process is carried out to optimize the location of the shelter, and the final shelter space allocation scheme is obtained. Taking the analysis of emergency shelter space allocation in Jing'an District of Shanghai as an example, the detailed space allocation scheme of emergency shelter in this area is generated, which can help residents evacuate to nearby shelter as soon as possible under the condition of minimizing the risk of congestion. The method proposed in this paper enriches the relevant theory and operational technical basis of urban shelter location in China, and provides reference and reference for other regions to carry out shelter allocation.
【作者单位】： 上海师范大学地理系;澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织(CSIRO)水土研究所(Land
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41201548,41401603,71603168)~~
【分类号】：TU984.116
[Abstract]:The spatial allocation of urban emergency shelters has been a hot issue in the field of disaster prevention and urban safety. The aim of this paper is to integrate remote sensing image data, high-precision population distribution data, traffic network data and expert knowledge with the goal of urban residents arriving at emergency shelters to meet the needs of accommodation as soon as possible and with as little congestion as possible, such as remote sensing image data, high-precision population distribution data, traffic network data and expert knowledge, etc. By using agent model and multi-criteria decision-making method, the spatial allocation of urban shelter is studied. In this paper, we design three kinds of agents related to emergency evacuation: government agent, shelter agent and resident agent to realize the simulation of emergency evacuation, and support the space location and configuration of emergency shelter according to the simulation results. The multi-criteria decision method and the weight sensitivity analysis are used to select the new shelter in the high suitable location area. Under the condition of the new space layout and configuration of shelter, a new round of emergency evacuation simulation process is carried out to optimize the location of the shelter, and the final shelter space allocation scheme is obtained. Taking the analysis of emergency shelter space allocation in Jing'an District of Shanghai as an example, the detailed space allocation scheme of emergency shelter in this area is generated, which can help residents evacuate to nearby shelter as soon as possible under the condition of minimizing the risk of congestion. The method proposed in this paper enriches the relevant theory and operational technical basis of urban shelter location in China, and provides reference and reference for other regions to carry out shelter allocation.
【作者单位】： 上海师范大学地理系;澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织(CSIRO)水土研究所(Land
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41201548,41401603,71603168)~~
【分类号】：TU984.116
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