住宅建筑新风处理方案及其优化设计
发布时间：2018-07-28 16:58
【摘要】：随着我国城市化进程的加快和经济的快速发展,室外空气质量明显呈现出下降的趋势,在特定季节,雾霾已成为一种很普遍的现象,严重威胁着人们的健康。室外空气污染状况持续加重,住宅建筑内部空气状况也不容乐观,传统自然通风已不能满足人们对高品质居住环境的要求。由此,住宅新风机逐渐走入人们的视野,它不仅能稀释室内污染物浓度,还能增加室内含氧量,减少“病态建筑综合症”的发生。本文基于健康和节能两方面原则,针对某研发阶段的住宅新风机的新风处理方案,采用数值模拟和实验测试相结合的方法进行优化设计。本文利用Airpak软件对所研究的某典型住宅建筑在新风机60m3/h、120m3/h、180m3/h和240m3/h四种送风量作用下室内的流场、空气龄、二氧化碳浓度以及PMV-PPD分布进行数值模拟;设计一种双阀门控制的新风机内循环结构,利用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法确定阀门安装位置,并模拟阀门开度和送风量大小对回风量的影响;搭建新风机试验台,测试送风风机风量、排风风机风量与电源电压的关系,测试不同阀门开度、不同送风量作用下回风阀的回风量,完成该住宅新风机内循环工艺控制方案设计;运用CFD方法模拟三种送风口结构下新风机送风仓体内部稳态流场,计算仓体壁面声压分布,选择气动噪声最小的出口结构;完成螺旋状送风结构时新风机送风仓体离散噪声计算,从而选择合适的隔音降噪措施。研究结果表明:(1)该住宅建筑内新风量越大室内平均空气龄越小、污染物浓度越低、空气品质越好,人员感觉越舒适;房间内人员周围区域的二氧化碳浓度大于客厅人员周围区域的浓度值,沿着空气流动的方向空气龄逐渐增大,新风机所在的客厅和餐厅区域比远离新风机的各房间区域的空气质量更优,在空气流通状况良好的客厅和走廊,上端空气龄普遍比下端小。得出新风机的安装位置、新风量的大小、送风的方向成为影响室内流场分布的主要因素;(2)确定新风机内循环回阀门的安装位置设置在循环箱体低端上方160mm处最合理,当该距离为160mm时,风量为82.32m3/h,空气均是由排风通道穿过回风阀进入新风通道,气流均匀;阀门按如下顺序设置回风量逐渐增加:排风阀全开回风阀1/3、排风阀半开回风阀2/3、排风阀全开回风阀全开、排风阀半开回风阀1/3、排风阀全开回风阀2/3、排风阀半开回风阀全开,当排风阀半开回风阀全开时,回风量最大,为82.33m3/h,排风阀全开回风阀开度为1/3时回风量最小,为32.93 m3/h;回风阀开度的变化对回风量的影响比排风阀开度的设置对回风量的影响更大;随着送风量的增加回风阀回风量呈线性增大趋势;综合室内污染物浓度、室内外温差确定住宅新风机内循环工艺的控制流程;(3)通过实验测出最大送风量可达180m3/h,排风量最大为120m3/h,与模拟值误差为10.51m3/h;排风阀开度的变化对回风量的影响是非常小的,回风阀自身开度变化对回风量的影响更直接明显;测试不同送风量作用下回风阀的回风量,回风量的实验值与模拟值的误差为10.89m3/h;误差是由模型、制作工艺、实验造成,根据误差产生的原因,为新风机的生产制造提供改进方案;依据实验结果对具有内循环工艺的住宅新风机的节能性进行定性分析,结果表明具有内循环工艺的住宅新风机更节能;(4)圆形螺旋状出口最大声压值以及出口平均声压均比圆形格栅和矩形格栅结构小,其中螺旋出口最大声压值为10.19dB,比圆形格栅结构值小52%,出口平均声压为4.46dB,比矩形格栅结构平均声压值小66.7%,风机表面最大声压也略小于其他结构,圆形螺旋状出口为最优送风结构;新风机仓体壁面各监测点声压级最大峰值均出现在在0到250Hz范围内,在250Hz之后,随着频率的增加声压级均呈减小趋势,新风机出风仓体上端监测点声压值普遍低于下端;基频验证表明模拟值与理论计算结果一致,说明模拟结果有效。
[Abstract]:With the quickening of urbanization process and rapid economic development in China, the outdoor air quality shows a downward trend obviously. In particular season, haze has become a very common phenomenon, which seriously threatens people's health. The condition of outdoor air pollution continues to aggravate, and the internal air condition of building building is not optimistic, and the traditional natural ventilation is not good. It is unable to meet the requirements of high quality living environment. Thus, the residential new wind machine gradually enters people's field of vision. It can not only dilute the concentration of indoor pollutants, but also increase the oxygen content in the room and reduce the occurrence of "sick building syndrome". Based on the two principles of health and energy conservation, this paper aims at a new residential fan in a R & D stage. The new wind treatment scheme is optimized by the combination of numerical simulation and experimental test. In this paper, the flow field, air age, carbon dioxide concentration and PMV-PPD distribution of a typical residential building under the effect of four air supply variables, 60m3/h, 120m3/h, 180m3/h and 240m3/h, are used in this paper. A new internal circulation structure of double valve controlled new fan is designed, the installation position of the valve is determined by the method of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and the influence of the valve opening and air supply volume on the return air is simulated. The new fan test bench is built to test the air volume of the air blower, the relationship between the air volume and the power supply voltage of the exhaust fan, and the different valves are tested. Degree, the return air of the return air valve under the effect of different air supply, complete the design of the internal circulation process control scheme of the new fan, simulate the internal steady flow field of the three kinds of air vent structure under the structure of the three kinds of air vent, calculate the pressure distribution of the wall surface, select the smallest aerodynamic noise outlet structure, and complete the spiral air supply structure. The results show that: (1) the greater the new air volume in the residential building, the smaller the average air age, the lower the pollutant concentration, the better the air quality, the more comfortable the people, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the surrounding area of the room is greater than that around the living room area. The concentration value of the field increases gradually along the direction of air flow, and the air quality of the living room and dining room in the new wind machine is better than that of the room far away from the new wind machine. In the living room and corridor with good air circulation, the upper air age is generally smaller than the lower end. The installation position of the new wind machine, the size of the fresh air and the air supply are obtained. The direction is the main factor affecting the distribution of the indoor flow field; (2) it is determined that the installation position of the inner circulation valve in the new fan is most reasonable at 160mm above the low end of the circulating box. When the distance is 160mm, the air volume is 82.32m3/h, the air is all through the exhaust valve through the return valve into the new air passage and the air flow is uniform; the valve is set in the following order. Return air volume gradually increase: exhaust valve full open return valve 1/3, exhaust valve half open air return valve 2/3, exhaust valve full open return valve full open, exhaust valve half open air valve 1/3, exhaust valve full open return valve 2/3, exhaust valve half open air valve full open, when the exhaust valve half open air valve full open, the air return maximum, 82.33m3/h, exhaust valve open return valve open 1 open air valve opening degree is 1. Exhaust valve opening return valve opening degree of full return valve opening is 1 The return air of /3 is 32.93 m3/h, and the influence of the change of the return air valve opening on the return air is greater than that of the opening of the exhaust valve; with the increase of air supply, the return air of the return valve is linearly increasing, and the indoor and outdoor temperature difference determines the control flow of the internal circulation process of the residential new fan; (3) The maximum air supply is 180m3/h, the maximum exhaust air volume is 120m3/h and the simulation value is 10.51m3/h. The influence of the change of the opening of the exhaust valve on the return air is very small, and the influence of the change of the return valve's self opening on the return air is more direct and obvious; the test of the return air volume and the return air volume of the return valve under the action of different air supply is tested. The error of the value and the simulated value is 10.89m3/h, and the error is caused by the model, the manufacturing process and the experiment. According to the cause of the error, the improvement scheme is provided for the production and manufacture of the new fan. According to the experimental results, the energy saving of the residential new fan with internal circulation process is qualitatively analyzed. The result shows that the new fan with internal circulation process is found. More energy saving, (4) the maximum sound pressure and the average outlet sound pressure of the circular spiral outlet are smaller than the circular grille and the rectangular grid structure. The maximum sound pressure of the spiral outlet is 10.19dB, 52% less than the circular grid structure, and the average acoustic pressure of the outlet is 4.46dB, which is 66.7% smaller than that of the rectangular grid structure, and the maximum sound pressure on the fan surface is also slightly smaller. In other structures, the circular spiral outlet is the best air supply structure, the maximum acoustic pressure level of each monitoring point in the new fan silo appears in the range of 0 to 250Hz. After 250Hz, the sound pressure level decreases with the increase of frequency, and the sound pressure value of the upper end monitoring point of the new fan outlet is generally lower than that of the lower end; the basic frequency verification shows that the simulation is simulated. The calculated values agree well with the theoretical results, indicating that the simulation results are effective.
【学位授予单位】：安徽工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU831
本文编号：2150953
[Abstract]:With the quickening of urbanization process and rapid economic development in China, the outdoor air quality shows a downward trend obviously. In particular season, haze has become a very common phenomenon, which seriously threatens people's health. The condition of outdoor air pollution continues to aggravate, and the internal air condition of building building is not optimistic, and the traditional natural ventilation is not good. It is unable to meet the requirements of high quality living environment. Thus, the residential new wind machine gradually enters people's field of vision. It can not only dilute the concentration of indoor pollutants, but also increase the oxygen content in the room and reduce the occurrence of "sick building syndrome". Based on the two principles of health and energy conservation, this paper aims at a new residential fan in a R & D stage. The new wind treatment scheme is optimized by the combination of numerical simulation and experimental test. In this paper, the flow field, air age, carbon dioxide concentration and PMV-PPD distribution of a typical residential building under the effect of four air supply variables, 60m3/h, 120m3/h, 180m3/h and 240m3/h, are used in this paper. A new internal circulation structure of double valve controlled new fan is designed, the installation position of the valve is determined by the method of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and the influence of the valve opening and air supply volume on the return air is simulated. The new fan test bench is built to test the air volume of the air blower, the relationship between the air volume and the power supply voltage of the exhaust fan, and the different valves are tested. Degree, the return air of the return air valve under the effect of different air supply, complete the design of the internal circulation process control scheme of the new fan, simulate the internal steady flow field of the three kinds of air vent structure under the structure of the three kinds of air vent, calculate the pressure distribution of the wall surface, select the smallest aerodynamic noise outlet structure, and complete the spiral air supply structure. The results show that: (1) the greater the new air volume in the residential building, the smaller the average air age, the lower the pollutant concentration, the better the air quality, the more comfortable the people, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the surrounding area of the room is greater than that around the living room area. The concentration value of the field increases gradually along the direction of air flow, and the air quality of the living room and dining room in the new wind machine is better than that of the room far away from the new wind machine. In the living room and corridor with good air circulation, the upper air age is generally smaller than the lower end. The installation position of the new wind machine, the size of the fresh air and the air supply are obtained. The direction is the main factor affecting the distribution of the indoor flow field; (2) it is determined that the installation position of the inner circulation valve in the new fan is most reasonable at 160mm above the low end of the circulating box. When the distance is 160mm, the air volume is 82.32m3/h, the air is all through the exhaust valve through the return valve into the new air passage and the air flow is uniform; the valve is set in the following order. Return air volume gradually increase: exhaust valve full open return valve 1/3, exhaust valve half open air return valve 2/3, exhaust valve full open return valve full open, exhaust valve half open air valve 1/3, exhaust valve full open return valve 2/3, exhaust valve half open air valve full open, when the exhaust valve half open air valve full open, the air return maximum, 82.33m3/h, exhaust valve open return valve open 1 open air valve opening degree is 1. Exhaust valve opening return valve opening degree of full return valve opening is 1 The return air of /3 is 32.93 m3/h, and the influence of the change of the return air valve opening on the return air is greater than that of the opening of the exhaust valve; with the increase of air supply, the return air of the return valve is linearly increasing, and the indoor and outdoor temperature difference determines the control flow of the internal circulation process of the residential new fan; (3) The maximum air supply is 180m3/h, the maximum exhaust air volume is 120m3/h and the simulation value is 10.51m3/h. The influence of the change of the opening of the exhaust valve on the return air is very small, and the influence of the change of the return valve's self opening on the return air is more direct and obvious; the test of the return air volume and the return air volume of the return valve under the action of different air supply is tested. The error of the value and the simulated value is 10.89m3/h, and the error is caused by the model, the manufacturing process and the experiment. According to the cause of the error, the improvement scheme is provided for the production and manufacture of the new fan. According to the experimental results, the energy saving of the residential new fan with internal circulation process is qualitatively analyzed. The result shows that the new fan with internal circulation process is found. More energy saving, (4) the maximum sound pressure and the average outlet sound pressure of the circular spiral outlet are smaller than the circular grille and the rectangular grid structure. The maximum sound pressure of the spiral outlet is 10.19dB, 52% less than the circular grid structure, and the average acoustic pressure of the outlet is 4.46dB, which is 66.7% smaller than that of the rectangular grid structure, and the maximum sound pressure on the fan surface is also slightly smaller. In other structures, the circular spiral outlet is the best air supply structure, the maximum acoustic pressure level of each monitoring point in the new fan silo appears in the range of 0 to 250Hz. After 250Hz, the sound pressure level decreases with the increase of frequency, and the sound pressure value of the upper end monitoring point of the new fan outlet is generally lower than that of the lower end; the basic frequency verification shows that the simulation is simulated. The calculated values agree well with the theoretical results, indicating that the simulation results are effective.
【学位授予单位】：安徽工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU831
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