长春南站综合交通枢纽消防疏散性能化设计研究

发布时间：2018-08-12 08:06

【摘要】：近年来,随着城市经济的迅速崛起,城市轨道交通逐渐成为地域发展的一种代表性标志,鉴于目前大型交通枢纽建筑体量庞大、人员集中、功能复杂,当前我们仍采用的“处方式”防火设计,即依据现有防火规范对不同建筑做防火设计的方法,已无法满足当代综合交通枢纽的建筑设计及安全需求;因结构、功能、造型等方面的特殊要求,交通枢纽防火设计中会出现没有相应的系统规范、规范试用范围不符合或者实施过程中有实际困难等诸如此类的问题,我们将采用更系统、更完善、更经济、更科学的消防性能化方法。此外,消防性能化设计方法以其建立在火灾场景基础之上的烟气模拟和人员疏散模拟等方面的量化分析为优势,被更广泛的应用于建筑防火设计当中去,从而进一步完善和补充“条文式”防火设计方法存在的局限和不足,完善综合交通枢纽的消防性能化设计措施,并利用消防性能化设计的方法调整优化规划与建筑设计,以避免和减轻火灾危害是亟待解决的重要课题[1]。本文以长春南站综合交枢纽为主体,对其空间内部消防疏散设计进行研究,全文一共分为四个章节。首先,简单阐述了课题的研究背景,针对国内消防性能化的发展现状,进行资料收集、整理与分析。接下来进行实地调研,对长春南站综合交通枢纽进行深入研究,分析出其空间特性,针对该类超规范的地下大空间建筑,选择消防性能化的手段来处理其内部空间存在的安全隐患问题。采用数值模拟软件FDS创建烟气模拟场景模型,模拟该建筑空间内各层(负一层换乘大厅、负二层公共站厅层、负三层轻轨线站台层和负四层地铁线站台层)中典型火灾场景发生火灾时的烟气流动状况,通过火灾燃烧过程烟气热辐射、空间环境清晰度以及释放的有害气体一氧化碳浓度的变化,从而全面的了解火灾发生的危害性,分析得出火灾发生到危险来临时,人员可利用的有效安全疏散时间。运用数值模拟软件Pathfinder进行人员疏散模拟分析,选取典型的火灾场景下的火灾情况进行人员疏散过程模拟,对其现有人员数量进行数据统计分析,得出长春南站综合交通枢纽未来高峰期的人员流量数值,假定不同条件,得出不同工况下人员疏散所需要的必需疏散时间,最后分析其不可避免的不确定因素的影响,最后针对该枢纽的实际问题,总计分析出其消防疏散性能化设计的实施方案,保证其交通枢纽使用的安全性能,希望能够对该类建筑在消防性能化设计上起到推动的作用,从而降低综合交通枢纽发生火灾时造成的人员伤亡和不必要的经济损失,对促进我国经济可持续发展和社会稳定具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid rise of urban economy, urban rail transit has gradually become a representative symbol of regional development. The "place way" fire prevention design that we still adopt at present, that is, the method of fire prevention design for different buildings according to the existing fire prevention codes, can no longer meet the architectural design and safety needs of modern integrated transportation hubs. Special requirements in modeling and other aspects, there will be no corresponding system specifications in the fire prevention design of transportation hubs, problems such as the non-conformity of the scope of the standard trial or practical difficulties in the implementation process, etc., we will adopt more systematic and more perfect. More economical, more scientific fire performance method. In addition, based on the quantitative analysis of smoke simulation and evacuation simulation based on fire scene, the fire performance design method is more widely used in building fire prevention design. In order to further improve and supplement the limitations and shortcomings of the "article style" fire prevention design method, perfect the fire performance design measures of the comprehensive transportation hub, and use the fire performance design method to adjust the optimal planning and architectural design, To avoid and mitigate the fire hazard is an important subject to be solved urgently [1]. In this paper, the design of interior fire protection evacuation of Changchun South Railway Station is studied, which is divided into four chapters. Firstly, the research background of the subject is briefly described, and the data collection, collation and analysis are carried out according to the present situation of fire protection performance in China. Next, through field investigation, the comprehensive transportation hub of Changchun South Railway Station is studied in depth, and its spatial characteristics are analyzed. Aiming at this kind of super-standard underground large space building, The fire protection performance is chosen to deal with the hidden safety problems in its internal space. The smoke simulation scene model was created by using the numerical simulation software FDS to simulate each floor of the building space (negative first floor transfer hall, negative second floor public station hall floor, negative second floor public station hall floor). The flue gas flow in typical fire scene in the negative three layer light rail line platform layer and the negative four layer subway line platform layer), through the smoke heat radiation during the fire combustion process, The clarity of the space environment and the change of the carbon monoxide concentration of the harmful gas released, so as to fully understand the harmfulness of the fire, and analyze the effective safe evacuation time that can be used by the personnel when the fire occurs to the danger. The numerical simulation software Pathfinder is used to simulate the evacuation process, and the typical fire situation is selected to simulate the evacuation process, and the existing number of personnel is statistically analyzed. The population flow value of the future peak period of Changchun South Railway Station Comprehensive Transportation Hub is obtained. On the assumption of different conditions, the necessary evacuation time is obtained under different working conditions. Finally, the influence of its inevitable uncertain factors is analyzed. Finally, in view of the actual problems of the hub, the implementation scheme of fire evacuation performance-based design is analyzed in order to ensure the safety performance of the transportation hub, and it is hoped that it can promote the fire protection performance-based design of this kind of building. Therefore, it is of great significance to reduce the casualties and unnecessary economic losses caused by the fire in the integrated transportation hub and to promote the sustainable economic development and social stability in China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU998.1

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