基于BIM的建筑工程临边及洞口施工的风险控制

发布时间：2018-09-08 19:04

【摘要】：BIM技术在建筑业的广泛应用,覆盖了从建筑工程项目的前期规划到设计、施工到竣工后的运营、维修等各个阶段,即覆盖整个项目的全生命周期,目前有部分学者对BIM应用于施工过程中的安全管理进行了不同角度和深度的研究。分析我国近十年的建筑安全事故,可以发现高处坠落是建筑工程施工过程中的多发事故,临边及洞口是高处坠落事故的多发部位,当前对临边及洞口高处坠落事故的发生展开风险控制已经成为了大多数建筑施工企业需要解决的重点问题之一。在《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要》中,特别强调了安全生产与信息化发展这两个要点,顺应国家发展与社会进步的需要,所以本课题的研究正是将安全生产与信息化发展的纲领要求进行了整合。因此,本文的研究重点是对临边及洞口施工中的高处坠落事故进行风险分析与风险控制。本文以某建筑工程项目中的临边及洞口为研究对象,介绍了风险分析的原理与方法,以及三种常用的风险评价方法,利用FTA分析法对临边及洞口施工的高处坠落事故进行了深度剖析,找出了导致事故发生的24种因素,提出了通过防止随重物坠落、防止作业时用力过猛、系好安全带、确保不会取下安全带走动这4种形式,在一定程度上可以控制临边及洞口高处坠落事故的发生。在使用传统分析方法的基础上,结合新技术,能够从一个全新的角度来分析风险,进行风险控制。所以,本文就提出了运用BIM技术来探讨对临边及洞口施工高处坠落事故的发生进行高效控制。借助BIM技术,针对临边及洞口进行危险辨识与分析,构件了基于BIM的建筑工程临边及洞口施工的风险控制系统,该系统由风险识别、信息存储、标签定义、读写器布设、定位跟踪五部分组成。通过构建基于BIM的建筑工程临边及洞口施工的风险控制系统,来解决施工现场临边及洞口、人员在模型终端中的实时定位和风险预警,探讨了对现场临边及洞口施工风险进行信息化、可视化、自动化高效控制的可能性。因此,BIM技术在建筑工程项目临边及洞口施工风险控制中的应用,可以为临边及洞口的安全管理和风险控制提供更多的研究思路、解决方法和技术支持,从而来提高整个项目的安全管理水平。
[Abstract]:BIM technology is widely used in the construction industry, covering the whole life cycle of the whole project, from the early planning to the design of the construction project, from the construction to the operation and maintenance after completion, etc. At present, some scholars have carried on the different angle and the depth research to the BIM application in the construction process safety management. By analyzing the building safety accidents in recent ten years in our country, it can be found that high fall is the frequent accident in the construction process of building engineering, and the adjacent side and the entrance of the cave are the frequent parts of the high fall accident. At present, the risk control of the falling accidents at the edge and the hole has become one of the key problems that most construction enterprises need to solve. In the outline of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the people's Republic of China, particular emphasis was placed on the two key points of production safety and information development, in keeping with the needs of national development and social progress, Therefore, the research of this topic is to integrate the requirements of safety production and information development program. Therefore, the research emphasis of this paper is to analyze and control the risk of high fall accidents in the construction of adjacent sides and openings. In this paper, the principle and method of risk analysis and three common risk assessment methods are introduced. In this paper, FTA analysis method is used to analyze the depth of high fall accidents in the construction of adjacent sides and openings, and 24 factors leading to the accidents are found out. It is put forward that the seatbelt should be fastened by preventing heavy objects from falling with heavy objects, preventing excessive force in operation, and fastening seat belts. To make sure that the safety belt is not removed and the four forms of walking can be controlled to a certain extent, the accident of falling near the edge of the tunnel and the height of the hole can be controlled. Based on the traditional analysis method and the new technology, we can analyze the risk and control the risk from a new angle. Therefore, this paper puts forward the application of BIM technology to discuss how to control the accidents of falling on the edge of the tunnel and the entrance of the tunnel. With the help of BIM technology, the risk control system for the construction of the adjacent edge and the opening of the building project based on BIM is proposed. The system is composed of risk identification, information storage, label definition, reader layout, and so on. Positioning and tracking is composed of five parts. By constructing the risk control system for the construction of the adjacent edge and the opening of the construction project based on BIM, the real-time positioning and risk warning of the personnel in the terminal of the model can be solved by solving the problem of the adjacent edge and the opening of the tunnel on the construction site. This paper discusses the possibility of information visualization and automatic and efficient control of the construction risk at the site and the entrance of the tunnel. Therefore, the application of BIM technology in the construction risk control of adjacent and portal construction projects can provide more research ideas, solutions and technical support for the safety management and risk control of adjacent sides and openings. In order to improve the safety management level of the whole project.
【学位授予单位】：重庆科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU71;TU17

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