公园绿地可达性客观影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-10-16 19:47

【摘要】：公园绿地作为城市生态网络体系的主体,在城市发展进程中发挥着不可替代的作用,是完善城市绿地生态系统的基础。目前,公园绿地建设相对于建成区和人口增长滞后,公园绿地服务水平已经不能满足城市居民的需求。因此,在城市公园绿地建设的过程当中,如何在有限的城市空间内提升公园绿地的服务能力、满足居民需求,已经成为城市规划建设者亟待解决的问题。公园绿地可达性是表征公园绿地服务能力的重要指标之一。从规划设计角度研究公园绿地可达性的影响因素及作用机制,对提高公园绿地可达性、充分发挥城市公园绿地的效益、促进城市居民健康发展具有重要意义。本文以沈阳市为例,基于ArcGIS9.3软件,构建沈阳市三环内公园绿地、道路网络数据库及数据集,运用网络分析模块对沈阳市三环以内城市公园绿地的可达性进行分析,明确城市公园绿地可达性的客观影响因素,模拟公园绿地及其周边的路网条件,研究公园绿地可达性的客观影响因素,揭示作用机制。研究结果如下:(1)公园绿地面积、形状和路网密度对公园绿地服务面积及其服务效率都存在影响。其中,对公园绿地服务面积的影响程度:公园绿地面积路网密度形状指数;对公园绿地服务效率的影响程度:公园绿地面积形状指数路网密度;公园绿地面积是影响公园绿地服务面积及其服务效率的最重要的影响因素。(2)公园绿地面积与其服务面积呈显著正相关,与其服务效率呈显著负相关。公园绿地形状与其服务面积及服务效率呈显著正相关。路网密度与公园绿地服务面积呈显著负相关,与公园绿地服务效率没有显著相关关系。(3)公园绿地面积约为550hm~2、250hm~2及60～100hm~2时,公园绿地服务服务效率较高。当公园绿地面积约为60～100hm~2时,随公园绿地面积增加,其服务面积增加较快,服务效率减小缓慢。公园绿地面积约为250 hm~2、550 hm~2时,公园绿地的服务面积增加幅度较大,且服务效率相对较高。因此,从公园绿地可达性的角度,城市公园绿地的面积选择约为550 hm~2、250 hm~2及60～100 hm~2时,公园绿地可达性较好。(4)随路网间隔减小、路网密度增大,公园绿地服务面积呈减小的趋势;随路网间隔增大、路网密度减小,公园绿地服务效率呈减小的趋势。路网间隔在200～300 m时,即路网密度在0.01～0.02 m/m~2,公园绿地的可达性最好。
[Abstract]:As the main body of urban ecological network system, park green space plays an irreplaceable role in the process of urban development and is the basis of improving urban green space ecosystem. At present, the construction of green space in parks lags behind the construction of completed areas and population growth, and the level of green space service can no longer meet the needs of urban residents. Therefore, in the process of urban park green space construction, how to improve the service capacity of park green space in the limited urban space, to meet the needs of residents, has become a problem to be solved by urban planning builders. The accessibility of the park green space is one of the important indexes to characterize the service ability of the park green space. From the point of view of planning and design, it is of great significance to study the influencing factors and the mechanism of the accessibility of the park green space, to improve the accessibility of the park green space, to give full play to the benefits of the urban park green space and to promote the healthy development of the urban residents. Taking Shenyang as an example, based on ArcGIS9.3 software, this paper constructs the database and data set of park green space and road network in Shenyang three rings, and analyzes the accessibility of urban park green space within the third ring of Shenyang by using network analysis module. The objective influencing factors of the accessibility of urban park green space are defined, the road network conditions of the park green space and its surroundings are simulated, the objective influencing factors of the park green space accessibility are studied, and the mechanism of action is revealed. The results are as follows: (1) the area, shape and road network density of green space affect the service area and service efficiency of green space. Among them, the influence degree to the service area of the park green space: the shape index of the road network density of the park green space area, the influence degree to the service efficiency of the park green space: the road network density of the shape index of the park green space area; The area of park green space is the most important factor that affects the service area and service efficiency of park green space. (2) the area of park green space is positively correlated with its service area and negatively correlated with its service efficiency. There was a significant positive correlation between green space shape and service area and service efficiency. There was a significant negative correlation between the road network density and the serving area of the park green space, but there was no significant correlation between the network density and the service efficiency of the park green space. (3) the green space area of the park was about 550hm~2250hm~2 and 100hm-2, the service efficiency of the park green space was higher. When the green space area of the park is about 60 ~ 100hm-2, with the increase of the green space area, the service area increases rapidly and the service efficiency decreases slowly. When the green space area is about 250 hm~2550 hm~ 2, the service area of the park green space increases greatly, and the service efficiency is relatively high. Therefore, from the point of view of the accessibility of the park green space, the choice of the area of the urban park green space is about 550 hm~2250 hm~2 and 60 ~ 100 hm~ 2, the accessibility of the park green space is better. (4) with the decrease of the road network interval, the density of the road network increases. The service area of park green space is decreasing, and with the increase of road network interval, the density of road network decreases, and the service efficiency of park green space decreases. When the road network interval is 200 ~ 300 m, that is, the density of the road network is 0.01 ~ 0. 02 m / m ~ (-2), the park greenbelt has the best accessibility.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU986

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