钢筋混凝土框架结构中楼梯抗震性能研究
发布时间：2018-10-17 12:28
【摘要】：楼梯作为建筑物组成部分是重要的竖向通道,在地震发生时对人们逃生起着至关重要的作用。可是从地震后的灾害情况看,在框架结构中楼梯构件和楼梯间角柱破坏比较严重,甚至出现楼梯间整体倒塌的现象,丧失了应有的疏散功能。针对框架结构中常用楼梯做法在地震中易于发生破坏的问题,本文建立了六个模型对楼梯的抗震性能进行研究。模型一采用常用的楼梯做法,是基本的对比模型。由于目前对中间休息平板采用双向板体系和梯柱采用上下贯通的这样两种做法的研究较少,没有较为一致的结论,建立了模型二和模型三。其中模型二在中间休息平台板采用双向板体系,模型三采用梯柱上下贯通的做法,全面深入的分析这两种楼梯做法的抗震性能,为设计提供可靠的依据。模型四针对楼梯间框架角柱易发生剪切破坏的问题,采用在休息平台与楼梯间框架角柱之间设缝的做法。模型五针对楼梯间梯柱易发生剪切破坏的问题提出采用索代替梯柱的做法。模型六是采用索和滑动支座相结合的做法,使整个楼段板和平台梁可以和框架结构发生相对位移,来减小构件内力,同时增加整体结构的抗震性能。为比较分析不同楼梯做法的抗震性能,采用有限元软件对不同楼梯做法的六个模型进行多遇地震下的振型分解反应谱分析和罕遇地震作用下的弹塑性时程分析。分析结果表明:中间休息平台采用双向板体系,虽然减小了休息平台板两侧的内力,但是在楼梯间进深方向的平台梁在地震作用下内力较大,容易发生塑性破坏;梯柱上下贯通做法增加了梯柱的轴力,但是梯柱和楼梯间角柱共同承受地震作用下的水平荷载,减少了柱的弯矩和剪力;在中间休息平台和楼梯间框架角柱之间设缝,降低了整体结构的扭转效应和整体结构在Y向的抗侧刚度。在Y向地震作用下基地剪力、层间剪力、层间位移角、楼梯间框架角柱内力以及楼梯间进深方向的楼梯间框架梁内力的减小。在弹塑性时程分析中,楼梯间框架角柱的塑性发展较少,说明在中间休息平台和楼梯间框架角柱之间设缝的做法基本解决了楼梯间框架角柱易发生剪切破坏的问题;采用索代替梯柱,虽然没有梯柱,避免了梯柱发生破坏。但是在反应谱分析和动力弹塑性分析中,层间位移角较大,楼梯间框架柱、框架梁和平台梁等塑性发展较多;采用索与滑动支座相结合的做法,在罕遇地震下的弹塑性时程分析中,层间位移角小于其他模型,结构构件的塑性角和塑性破坏比其他模型少,说明楼梯构件的这种设置方式具有较好的抗震性能。
[Abstract]:Staircase is an important vertical passage, which plays an important role in the escape of earthquake. However, from the disaster situation after the earthquake, the damage of the staircase members and the corner columns in the stairway is serious in the frame structure, and even the whole collapse of the stairwell occurs, and the proper evacuation function is lost. In order to solve the problem that the common staircase method in frame structure is prone to damage in earthquake, six models are established to study the seismic behavior of the staircase. Model one is the basic contrast model, which adopts the common staircase method. Due to the lack of research on the bidirectional plate system for the rest plate and the adoption of the upper and lower connecting method for the ladder column, there is no consistent conclusion, and model two and model three are established. Model 2 adopts bidirectional plate system in the rest platform and model 3 adopts the method of connecting up and down of ladder column. The seismic performance of these two staircases is analyzed comprehensively and deeply to provide a reliable basis for the design. In view of the shear failure of the frame corner column in the stairway, the fourth model adopts the method of setting a joint between the rest platform and the frame corner column in the staircase. Model 5 puts forward the method of using cable instead of ladder column to solve the problem of easy shear failure of ladder column in staircase. The sixth model adopts the combination of cable and sliding support to make the whole floor slab and platform beam displace relative to the frame structure to reduce the internal force of the member and increase the seismic performance of the whole structure at the same time. In order to compare and analyze the seismic behavior of different stair methods, six models of different stair methods were analyzed by finite element software under frequent earthquakes and elastic-plastic time-history analysis under rare earthquake. The results show that the interrest platform adopts a bidirectional plate system, which reduces the internal force on both sides of the rest platform, but the platform beam in the deep direction of the staircase is prone to plastic failure due to the large internal force under the earthquake action. The method of connecting the ladder column up and down increases the axial force of the ladder column, but the horizontal load between the ladder column and the corner column in the staircase is subjected to the horizontal load under earthquake, which reduces the bending moment and shear force of the column; and a joint is arranged between the rest platform and the frame corner column in the staircase. The torsional effect of the whole structure and the lateral stiffness of the whole structure in Y direction are reduced. Under the action of Y direction earthquake, the base shear force, the displacement angle between floors, the internal force of the frame angle column in the stairway and the internal force of the frame beam in the deep direction of the staircase are reduced. In the elastic-plastic time history analysis, the plastic development of the frame corner column in the stairway is less, which shows that the method of setting a slot between the rest platform and the frame corner column in the staircase basically solves the problem that the frame corner column in the stairwell is prone to shear failure. Use cable instead of ladders, although there are no ladders, to avoid damage to the ladders. However, in response spectrum analysis and dynamic elastic-plastic analysis, the interstory displacement angle is large, the plastic development of frame column, frame beam and platform beam in staircase is more, and the method of combining cable with sliding support is adopted. In the elastic-plastic time-history analysis under rare earthquakes, the interstory displacement angle is smaller than that of other models, and the plastic angle and plastic failure of structural members are less than those of other models.
【学位授予单位】：长春工程学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU375.4;TU352.11
本文编号：2276656
[Abstract]:Staircase is an important vertical passage, which plays an important role in the escape of earthquake. However, from the disaster situation after the earthquake, the damage of the staircase members and the corner columns in the stairway is serious in the frame structure, and even the whole collapse of the stairwell occurs, and the proper evacuation function is lost. In order to solve the problem that the common staircase method in frame structure is prone to damage in earthquake, six models are established to study the seismic behavior of the staircase. Model one is the basic contrast model, which adopts the common staircase method. Due to the lack of research on the bidirectional plate system for the rest plate and the adoption of the upper and lower connecting method for the ladder column, there is no consistent conclusion, and model two and model three are established. Model 2 adopts bidirectional plate system in the rest platform and model 3 adopts the method of connecting up and down of ladder column. The seismic performance of these two staircases is analyzed comprehensively and deeply to provide a reliable basis for the design. In view of the shear failure of the frame corner column in the stairway, the fourth model adopts the method of setting a joint between the rest platform and the frame corner column in the staircase. Model 5 puts forward the method of using cable instead of ladder column to solve the problem of easy shear failure of ladder column in staircase. The sixth model adopts the combination of cable and sliding support to make the whole floor slab and platform beam displace relative to the frame structure to reduce the internal force of the member and increase the seismic performance of the whole structure at the same time. In order to compare and analyze the seismic behavior of different stair methods, six models of different stair methods were analyzed by finite element software under frequent earthquakes and elastic-plastic time-history analysis under rare earthquake. The results show that the interrest platform adopts a bidirectional plate system, which reduces the internal force on both sides of the rest platform, but the platform beam in the deep direction of the staircase is prone to plastic failure due to the large internal force under the earthquake action. The method of connecting the ladder column up and down increases the axial force of the ladder column, but the horizontal load between the ladder column and the corner column in the staircase is subjected to the horizontal load under earthquake, which reduces the bending moment and shear force of the column; and a joint is arranged between the rest platform and the frame corner column in the staircase. The torsional effect of the whole structure and the lateral stiffness of the whole structure in Y direction are reduced. Under the action of Y direction earthquake, the base shear force, the displacement angle between floors, the internal force of the frame angle column in the stairway and the internal force of the frame beam in the deep direction of the staircase are reduced. In the elastic-plastic time history analysis, the plastic development of the frame corner column in the stairway is less, which shows that the method of setting a slot between the rest platform and the frame corner column in the staircase basically solves the problem that the frame corner column in the stairwell is prone to shear failure. Use cable instead of ladders, although there are no ladders, to avoid damage to the ladders. However, in response spectrum analysis and dynamic elastic-plastic analysis, the interstory displacement angle is large, the plastic development of frame column, frame beam and platform beam in staircase is more, and the method of combining cable with sliding support is adopted. In the elastic-plastic time-history analysis under rare earthquakes, the interstory displacement angle is smaller than that of other models, and the plastic angle and plastic failure of structural members are less than those of other models.
【学位授予单位】：长春工程学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU375.4;TU352.11
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