严寒地区洁净厂房节能技术研究

发布时间：2018-10-19 20:19

【摘要】：众所周知,工业建筑与民用建筑在使用功能上具有很大的差异,两者在建筑节能方面亦应具有不同的设计要求。不同类型的工业建筑依据生产工艺所需要,其室内环境的要求也各有不同。这种复杂的情况使得国家并未出台相应的工业建筑节能标准,在实际的工业建筑设计中,只能参照民用建筑规范来进行节能设计,使得建筑节能措施的广泛应用产生一定的困难。在学界,有大量关于工业建筑节能的研究,其内容还不够深入,对工业建筑节能措施的设计不具有针对性的实践意义。随着人们环保意识的提升,能源消耗问题被国家提上日程,那么对于工业厂房的节能研究已经刻不容缓。随着经济的快速发展,人民生活水平的提升,洁净厂房所生产的产品如电子、食品、医疗用品等逐渐成为生活的必需品。而洁净厂房因其特殊的生产环境,需要通过暖通空调系统全年不间断的持续工作来控制室内的温湿度变化以及空气洁净度等级的维持,并且在厂房设计时没有注重节能设计,使得洁净厂房产生了大量的能源消耗。尤其对于我国严寒地区而言,恶劣的室外环境,使得建筑能源的消耗量进一步增加。所以说,将严寒地区洁净厂房的节能设计作为研究对象是很有必要的。首先,通过前期调研和文献收集,梳理出洁净厂房的发展脉络并且对当代的洁净厂房分类有一个清晰的认识。其次,在严寒地区(新疆石河子市)挑选出有特点的某工业洁净厂房进行细致调研。对每个工段所需要的生产条件、人员活动、设备热源、暖通空调系统等情况进行细致的记录。发现对于洁净厂房而言,不同于其他工业建筑,该类型的建筑暖通空调设备需全年不间断运行。并且在厂房制面车间发现停工时存在严重的结露问题。然后依据工厂的现场情况,推测产生这种问题的原因,随后对该工段进行有针对性的温湿度测试,然后分析该工段测试数据,得出厂房结露的原因是由于厂房的生产工艺造成局部区域温湿度过高,停工后室内热源减少,温度降低,空气达到露点温度而产生的。为了对厂房整体的热环境情况有一个全面的了解,再将仪器分别设置在工厂的不同工段内,进行有针对性的冬夏两季测试。将测试结果进行分析和统计,归纳出测试厂房各车间的室内温湿度变化规律,发现同一工厂内不同生产阶段,由于生产工艺的影响,在车间内会形成不同的室内环境。与此同时,发现冬季人身洁净区、包装车间以及混面车间的温度均未达到工艺所需的生产温度。另外通过分析数据发现窗户是厂房的节能的薄弱点。再次,通过使用计算机模拟技术,采用控制变量法,在满足生产工艺温湿度要求的情况下,依次分析不同保温层厚度、墙体构造、屋面构造、透明围护结构的能耗情况,同时结合经济学中回收期的思想,通过比较得出,对于严寒地区既有洁净厂房改造而言,屋面采用120mm的EPS保温板经济效果最好;墙面采用90mm的XPS保温板经济性最好;窗户采用低辐射中空low-E双玻窗经济性最好的结论。最后,综合实地调研与模拟结果,依据工业厂房建筑能耗构成的七个方面,提出针对严寒地区洁净厂房在建筑形体及平面布置方面、围护结构方面、采光和遮阳方面、暖通空调方面以及再生能源利用方面的节能设计策略。工业厂房建筑其建筑能源利用率的提升是依靠建筑节能设计实现的。如果在工业建筑中生搬硬套民用建筑中一些成熟的节能设计策略,是不能够有效的降低工业建筑能耗的。文章中通过讨论严寒地区洁净厂房的存在节能问题,提出建筑节能设计中的设计策略,希望能够为今后的严寒地区洁净厂房的节能设计提供一定的科学理论依据。
[Abstract]:It is well known that industrial buildings and civil buildings have great difference in using function, and they should also have different design requirements in building energy saving. Different types of industrial buildings require different indoor environments depending on the production process. This kind of complicated situation makes the country do not adopt the corresponding standard of industrial building energy-saving, in the actual industrial building design, can only reference the civil building standard to carry on the energy-saving design, make the building energy-saving measure widely apply to produce certain difficulty. In the academic circles, there is a lot of research on building energy-saving in industry, its contents are not deep enough, and the design of building energy-saving measures is not practical significance. With the promotion of people's awareness of environmental protection, the problem of energy consumption is put up by the country, so it is urgent to study the energy-saving of industrial buildings. With the rapid development of economy, the improvement of people's living standards, the products produced by clean plants, such as electronics, food, medical supplies and so on, gradually become necessities of life. As a result of its special production environment, the clean house needs to continuously work continuously throughout the year through the HVAC system to control the indoor temperature and humidity changes as well as the maintenance of the air cleanliness level, and do not pay attention to the energy-saving design at the time of the plant design. so that a large amount of energy consumption is generated in the clean factory building. Especially for severe cold areas in our country, the poor outdoor environment makes the consumption of construction energy further increase. Therefore, it is necessary to design the energy-saving design of clean factory buildings in severe cold areas as research objects. First, through preliminary research and literature collection, the development vein of clean factory building is sorted out and a clear understanding is given to the classification of modern clean factory buildings. Secondly, in severe cold areas (Shihezi city, Xinjiang), a special industrial clean factory has been selected for detailed investigation. Detailed records shall be made for production conditions, personnel activities, equipment heat sources, HVAC systems, etc. required for each section. It is found that for clean plants, unlike other industrial buildings, this type of building HVAC equipment needs uninterrupted operation throughout the year. and there is a serious problem of condensation during shutdown in the workshop manufacturing workshop. Then, according to the site situation of the plant, the reason of this problem is estimated, and then a targeted temperature and humidity test is carried out on the workshop section, and then the test data of the workshop section is analyzed. The reason of the factory building condensation is that the temperature and humidity of the local area are too high due to the production process of the factory building. After the shutdown, the indoor heat source is reduced, the temperature is reduced, and the air reaches the dew point temperature. In order to have a comprehensive understanding of the thermal environment of the whole plant, the instruments are respectively arranged in different sections of the factory to carry out targeted winter and summer test. According to the analysis and statistics of the test results, the change rule of indoor temperature and humidity in each workshop of the test workshop is summarized, and the different production stages in the same plant are found, and different indoor environments can be formed in the workshop due to the influence of the production process. At the same time, it was found that the temperature of the clean area, the packaging workshop and the mixing workshop in winter did not reach the production temperature required for the process. In addition, the analysis of the data reveals that the window is the energy-saving weak point of the factory building. once again, by using the computer simulation technology, under the condition that the temperature and humidity requirements of the production process are met, the thickness of the heat insulation layer, the wall structure, the roof structure and the energy consumption of the transparent envelope are sequentially analyzed, and meanwhile, the idea of the payback period in economics is combined, It is concluded that the economic effect of 120mm EPS insulation board is the best for the renovation of the existing clean workshop in severe cold areas; the economic performance of the 90mm XPS insulation board is the best; the window adopts the conclusion that the low radiation hollow low-E double glass window has the best economical efficiency. Finally, on the basis of seven aspects of building energy consumption of industrial buildings, according to seven aspects of building energy consumption of industrial buildings, this paper puts forward the aspects of building structure and floor layout, lighting and sun-shading for clean workshop in severe cold areas. Energy-saving design strategy for HVAC and renewable energy utilization. The building energy utilization ratio of industrial plant building is realized by building energy-saving design. If some mature energy-saving design strategies are used in industrial buildings, the energy consumption of industrial buildings can not be effectively reduced. In this paper, the design strategy of building energy-saving design is put forward by discussing the energy-saving problem of clean workshop in severe cold area, and it is hoped that it can provide some scientific theoretical basis for the energy-saving design of clean workshop in the future.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU27;TU201.5

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