一种压电摩擦阻尼器的半主动控制研究

发布时间：2018-11-21 18:06

【摘要】：结构的减振控制方法可归纳为被动控制、半主动控制、主动控制以及混合控制等。近年来国际振动控制研究的前沿技术是智能控制,利用压电材料制成的压电摩擦阻尼器就是一种智能控制装置。本文利用压电材料的逆压电效应和等效弹簧刚度理论提出了一种压电摩擦阻尼器,并通过半主动控制算法对阻尼器的控制效果进行数值模拟分析。主要包括以下工作:1)通过研究压电材料的物理力学性能,利用有限元软件建立数值模型,将分析结果与压电材料的出厂性能进行对比,验证数值模型的正确性。通过ABAQUS软件的Python二次开发接口编写程序脚本实现了叠堆片的复制、对叠堆片赋予材料属性和对叠堆片加载电压的前处理操作。2)利用等效弹簧刚度理论对设计的压电摩擦阻尼器进行理论分析;利用电能输入和机械能输出原理来优化阻尼器外壳尺寸;通过数值模拟得到了阻尼器在简谐位移制度下不同加载电压的力与位移关系曲线。3)利用遗传算法对LQR控制算法中的Q、R权矩阵进行优选,结构的位移、加速度以及阻尼器的阻尼力为参考目标建立适应度函数。优选后和人工试算寻找到的Q、R权矩阵形成的两种工况进行结构控制效果比较,得出优化后的控制函数对结构的控制效果较好,从而验证了遗传算法对于搜索全局最优响应值的可行性。4)提出了一种改进的Bang-Bang控制策略,通过控制策略来控制压电摩擦阻尼器的输入电压,达到压电摩擦阻尼器对结构层间位移和楼层加速度控制的目的。数值模拟了在改进的控制策略下压电摩擦阻尼器对某三层钢框架结构的控制,分析结果表明压电摩擦阻尼器对结构的层间位移和楼层加速度的控制效果较好。
[Abstract]:The vibration control methods of the structure can be divided into passive control, semi-active control, active control and hybrid control. In recent years, intelligent control is the leading technology of international vibration control research. Piezoelectric friction damper made of piezoelectric materials is a kind of intelligent control device. In this paper, a piezoelectric friction damper is proposed based on the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric material and the equivalent spring stiffness theory. The control effect of the damper is numerically simulated by semi-active control algorithm. The main contents are as follows: 1) by studying the physical and mechanical properties of piezoelectric materials, a numerical model is established by using finite element software, and the results are compared with the performance of piezoelectric materials in order to verify the correctness of the numerical model. Through the Python secondary development interface of ABAQUS software, the program script is written to realize the duplication of stack chips. The preprocessing operation of stacking chip loading voltage and material attribute. 2) theoretical analysis of the piezoelectric friction damper designed by using the equivalent spring stiffness theory; The energy input and mechanical energy output principle are used to optimize the shell size of the damper. Through numerical simulation, the curves of the relationship between force and displacement of dampers with different loading voltages under harmonic displacement regime are obtained. 3) genetic algorithm is used to optimize the QR weight matrix of the LQR control algorithm, and the displacement of the structure is obtained. The acceleration and damping force of the damper are used as the reference target to establish the fitness function. After the optimal selection and the artificial trial calculation, the structure control effect is compared between the two conditions, which are formed by the QR weight matrix, and it is concluded that the optimized control function has a better control effect on the structure. The feasibility of genetic algorithm for searching global optimal response value is verified. 4) an improved Bang-Bang control strategy is proposed to control the input voltage of piezoelectric friction damper. The piezoelectric friction damper can control the floor displacement and the acceleration of the structure. Numerical simulation shows that the piezoelectric friction damper can control a three-story steel frame structure under the improved control strategy. The results show that the piezoelectric friction damper has a better control effect on the floor displacement and acceleration of the structure.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU352.1

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