程阳八寨杨家匠的风雨桥营造技艺

发布时间：2018-11-27 11:28

【摘要】：侗族是我国南方一个历史悠久的少数民族,其优秀的传统建筑文化,早已闻名遐迩。侗族木构建筑营造技艺是我国西南地区最出色的民族民间传统文化代表形式之一。它以手工生产方式为基础,体现了侗族工匠高超非凡的建筑工艺水平,以及造物技术思想、丰富的民族特性和精神寄托。尤其是作为侗族建筑艺术“三大瑰宝”之一的风雨桥,是侗族建筑技术的重要代表性作品,“在历史、艺术、科学三方面的价值都是兼备的,而且在民俗研究方面也有重要的价值”(1)。程阳八寨是三江侗族自治县木构建筑营造技艺传承人最多,级别最高的村寨,尤以居住在程阳八寨的杨善仁一家为典型代表。杨善仁被中国古村落保护与发展专业委员会誉为“中国文化老人——民族传统工艺营造大师”;其四儿子杨似玉入选国家级非物质文化遗产侗族木构建筑营造技艺项目代表性传承人,中国工艺美术大师;其五儿子杨玉吉入选广西自治区级非物质文化遗产代表性传承人;其孙杨念康被授予“青年鲁班”,广西民间工艺美术大师。杨家工匠世代沿袭,技艺高超,被三江侗族自治县政府授予“侗族木匠世家”称号,媒体誉其为“杨家匠”。本文将“杨家匠”及其风雨桥的营造技艺作为研究对象,以实证叙事与动态的思维方式探讨侗族大木匠师的家业传承,学获技艺的途径,以及营造技艺的智慧,更加丰富诠释侗族传统建筑文化遗产。全文分为六个部分:绪论部分主要介绍本文的研究背景、研究现状、研究思路和研究方法。第一章论述程阳八寨的自然环境、人文社会环境,以及风雨桥的分布、类型和构成。第二章介绍杨家工匠的基本情况,包括:家业传承、技艺学获、营造经验及所取得成就。第三章概括风雨桥的整个设计系统,并用案例讲解廊桥构架的设计过程。第四章仍以案例作为对象,详细叙述在实际营造中,匠师是如何把图面上的设计转换为具体的施工操作。第五章对杨家匠营造廊桥的审美取向进行总结。
[Abstract]:Dong is a long history minority in the south of China, its outstanding traditional architectural culture, has long been famous. The construction skill of Dong woodstructure architecture is one of the most outstanding national traditional culture representative forms in Southwest China. It is based on the handmade production mode, which embodies the outstanding level of architectural craftsmanship of Dong artisans, as well as creational technical thoughts, rich national characteristics and spiritual sustenance. In particular, as one of the "three gems" of architectural art of Dong nationality, Rain Bridge is an important representative work of architectural technology of Dong nationality. And in the study of folklore also has important value "(1). Chengyang Bazhai is the village of Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County, which inherits most of the wooden construction skills and has the highest level, especially the Yang Shanren family living in Chengyang Bazhai. Yang Shanren was praised as "the old man of Chinese culture-the master of national traditional craftsmanship" by the professional committee of protection and development of ancient villages in China. Yang Xiyu, his fourth son, was selected as the representative inheritor of the Dong woodwork construction project, the master of Chinese arts and crafts, and his fifth son, Yang Yuji, was selected as the representative inheritor of the intangible cultural heritage of Guangxi Autonomous region. Its Sun Yang Nian Kang was awarded "Youth Lu Ban", Guangxi folk arts and crafts master. The craftsmen of the Yang family have been awarded the title of "Dong Carpenter's Family" by the Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County Government, and the media is known as the "Yang Family Carpenter". In this paper, the author takes the construction technique of Yang Jia's Carpenter and his wind and rain bridge as the research object, and discusses the inheritance of the family property of the big carpenter teacher of Dong nationality, the way to acquire the skill, and the wisdom of the construction skill with the method of positive narration and dynamic thinking. More rich interpretation of the Dong traditional architectural cultural heritage. The paper is divided into six parts: the introduction mainly introduces the research background, research status, research ideas and research methods. The first chapter discusses the natural environment, humanities and social environment, and the distribution, types and composition of wind and rain bridge. The second chapter introduces the basic situation of the Yang family craftsmen, including: inheritance, skill acquisition, construction experience and achievements. The third chapter summarizes the whole design system of wind and rain bridge, and explains the design process of the bridge frame with a case. The fourth chapter still takes the case as the object, narrates in detail in the actual construction, how the craftsman transforms the design on the drawing surface into the concrete construction operation. The fifth chapter summarizes the aesthetic orientation of Yang's bridge.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU-86

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