建筑防水工程渗漏质量通病与防治

发布时间：2018-12-10 06:46

【摘要】：目前,房屋渗漏问题随着经济的高速发展,人们的生活水平不断提高,住宅建筑数量的大幅度增加,已成为一个社会问题,而且是一个广泛关注的问题,这直接对人们的生活造成了极大的影响,带来了巨大的困扰。人们也逐渐开始认识到这个问题,这亦是本论文研究的目的和意义所在。通过本论文多方调查研究发现,虽然我国开始重视建筑防水这个问题,但是结合我国国情,我们的防水水平与国外发达国家相比还有着较大的差距。主要体现在防水材料的研发、防水技术的更新、防水工艺的提升等多个方面。本文通过分析建筑防水工程出现的主要质量通病,这些质量通病主要分部在屋面、地下工程、厕浴间、外墙等几个主要部位。本文分别从这几个部位并且结合国内具有代表性的实例进行论证分析,得出一些结论:房屋建筑的渗漏问题其根本原因主要体现在四个方面的原因,分别是:材料方面,设计方面,施工及现场管理等方面。例如,本文提到混凝土结构的渗漏主要是与混凝土的抗渗性有关,而其抗渗性又与混凝土材料的孔隙率密切相关,那么归根结底,我们可以通过施工、外加剂等手段来降低和控制混凝土的孔隙率,也就改善了混凝土结构的渗漏问题。而对于地下防水工程渗漏的主要原因与其复杂的工程和地质环境有关,如何有效的降低地下水位、选择合理的防水施工方案、处理好刚柔性防水材料之间的关系、增加地下室底板和垫层的强度是防治的关键所在;屋面防水工程是受外界侵蚀最为严重的,主要的防治办法是选择倒置式屋面,对防水层进行有效的保护;外墙及厕浴间等部位的防水质量通病主要出现在细部节点上,对于穿墙、楼板管根处、地漏处、檐口处等节点应采取“一封、二堵、三排”的防治措施。根据本文的研究,总结出一个通用的防治方案,即是首先应结合工程实际,优化防水设计方案,选择合理的、与基层相容性较好的防水材料,严格把控施工质量,做好隐蔽工程验收,对成品采取有效的保护。
[Abstract]:At present, with the rapid development of economy, people's living standard is improving and the number of residential buildings is increasing by a large margin, which has become a social problem and is a widespread concern. This has a direct impact on people's lives, brought a great deal of trouble. People are beginning to realize this problem, which is the purpose and significance of this paper. Through various investigations and studies in this paper, it is found that although our country has begun to attach importance to the problem of building waterproofing, there is still a big gap between our waterproofing level and that of foreign developed countries combined with the national conditions of our country. Mainly reflected in the development of waterproof materials, waterproofing technology update, waterproofing technology promotion and so on. This paper analyzes the main quality common defects in building waterproofing projects, which are mainly divided into roof, underground engineering, toilet bath, exterior wall and so on. Based on the analysis of these parts and some representative examples in China, this paper draws some conclusions: the basic causes of the leakage of building are mainly reflected in four aspects, namely: material, etc. Design, construction and site management. For example, it is mentioned in this paper that the leakage of concrete structures is mainly related to the impermeability of concrete, and its impermeability is closely related to the porosity of concrete materials. In order to reduce and control the porosity of concrete, the leakage of concrete structure can be improved. However, the main reason for leakage of underground waterproofing works is related to its complex engineering and geological environment. How to effectively reduce the groundwater level, select a reasonable waterproof construction plan, and deal with the relationship between rigid and flexible waterproofing materials, The key of prevention and cure is to increase the strength of basement floor and cushion. Roof waterproofing project is the most serious by external erosion, the main prevention and control method is to choose inverted roof, effective protection of waterproof layer; The waterproofing quality common diseases of the exterior wall and toilet bath mainly appear on the detail node. The prevention measures should be taken for the nodes such as the wall, the root of floor canal, the floor drain, the cornice and so on, such as "one seal, two blocks, three rows". According to the research of this paper, a general prevention scheme is summarized, that is, first of all, we should combine the engineering practice, optimize the waterproof design scheme, select the reasonable waterproof material with good compatibility with the base course, strictly control the construction quality. Take effective protection to the finished product.
【学位授予单位】：湖北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU761.11

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