西安青华宫建筑空间形态研究

发布时间：2018-12-24 12:59

【摘要】：道教作为我国固有的传统宗教发展近千年,早已根植于中华大地这片沃土之中。它尊黄帝为始祖,老子为教祖,奉老子《道德经》为根本经典,以“道”作为它的最高信仰,并且尊从“道”这一核心思想,在其悠久的发展历程当中形成了庞大而又独特的多神信仰体系。通常用三句话即可简单的来概括中国道教的发展历史,即:“起源于黄帝、发扬于老子、成教于张道陵。”道教建筑作为中国古代建筑的重要组成部分之一,沿用了其木结构技术与院落布局,但在选址、设计和建造时,添注了道教信仰和独有的文化理念,是具有道教思想物质化形态特征的一种建筑艺术。纵观道教的发展历史,西安地区是道教重要的发源地之一。现阶段由于对西安地区道教宫观的发展以及对道教建筑研究的力度还不够,导致道教宫观在规划建设、协调发展与保护等方面的问题尚为解决。此次主要的研究对象西安青华宫,坐落于西安曲江新区的大唐芙蓉园和春临宫遗址区内,历史上规模宏大,始建于商周武王伐纣时期,即镐京东南郊外“太乙祖庙”旧址,为历史上皇家祭祀庙院。青华宫作为道教圣地,如今却被地产项目包围,随时有被拆除的可能。本文针对以上问题,宏观上通过调研国内多座名闻遐迩的道教宫观,针对其选址、布局、形制、装饰艺术以及所含有的文化内容等方面进行研究,并且将这些内容进行比对和分析,总结出道教建筑所具有的形态特征,微观上从道教文化和地域文化出发,对西安青华宫进行深度解析,并且罗列出青华宫现状所存在的场地规划布局,建筑单体设计,发展传承等一系列问题,接着将“道法自然”、“遵道贵德”、“天人合一”等道教思想与“玄空风水”理论相结合,提出相应的解决方法与策略,因地制宜的将理论与实际相结合对西安青华宫进行规划设计,合理利用其空间,着力于宗教朝拜、文化传播、养生培训等方面的建设,以打造成为“慈善文化圣地”为目标。同时也希望能够为今后道教宫观的规划建设和保护利用提供有效的参考依据。
[Abstract]:Taoism, as an inherent traditional religion in China, has been rooted in the fertile soil of China for nearly a thousand years. It respected the Yellow Emperor as its ancestor, Laozi as its ancestor, and followed Laozi's "Tao" as its fundamental classic, taking "Tao" as its highest belief, and respecting the core thought of "Tao". In its long history of development has formed a huge and unique polytheistic belief system. Usually, three sentences can be used to summarize the development history of Chinese Taoism, that is, "originated from the Yellow Emperor, developed in Laozi, and educated in Zhang Daoling." Taoist architecture, as one of the important components of ancient Chinese architecture, has followed its wooden structure technology and yard layout, but it has added Taoist beliefs and unique cultural ideas to the site selection, design and construction. It is a kind of architectural art with materialized form of Taoism thought. Throughout the history of Taoism, Xi'an is an important birthplace of Taoism. At present, the development of Taoist temple in Xi'an area and the study of Taoist architecture are not enough, leading to the problems of planning, construction, coordinated development and protection of Taoist temple are still solved. The main object of this study, Xi'an Qinghua Palace, is located in the site of Furong Garden in Datang and the site of the Spring Palace in the new district of Qujiang, Xi'an. It was built on a large scale in history and was built during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, that is, the site of the "Taiyi ancestral Temple" on the outskirts of the southeast of Haojing. For the history of the Royal Temple of worship. Qinghua Palace, as a Taoist shrine, is now surrounded by real estate projects and may be demolished at any time. In view of the above problems, through the macroscopic investigation and investigation of many famous Taoist temples in China, this paper studies its location, layout, shape, decorative art and the cultural content it contains. And compared and analyzed these contents, summarized the Taoist architecture has the form characteristic, from the Taoist culture and the regional culture, carries on the deep analysis to the Xi'an Qinghua Palace from the microscopic aspect, And it lists a series of problems, such as site layout, single architectural design, development and inheritance, which exist in the present situation of Qinghua Palace. Then, it will "follow the law of nature" and "follow the road of virtue." The Taoist thought of "harmony of nature and man" and the theory of "metaphysical fengshui" are combined, and the corresponding solutions and strategies are put forward to plan and design the Qinghua Palace in Xi'an in accordance with local conditions, and to make rational use of its space. Focus on religious worship, cultural dissemination, health training and other aspects of the construction, in order to become a "charitable cultural shrine" as the goal. At the same time, it also hopes to provide an effective reference for the planning, construction and protection of Taoist temples in the future.
【学位授予单位】：西安理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU252

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