城市不同区域下水道中毒害气体分布规律研究

发布时间：2019-01-06 17:40

【摘要】：随着我国城市建设的快速发展,城市排水管网系统的规模越来越大,作为城市的基础设施,承担着城市生活污水、工企业废水收集、输送的重大任务,在城市水环境循环过程中发挥着不可替代的作用。日益增长的下水道系统为微生物创造了更加理想的的生化反应环境,使管底沉积物和污水中微生物生成甲烷、硫化氢等毒害气体,对大气造成污染,危害着人们的健康。为控制城市下水道系统产生的甲烷气体和硫化氢气体对大气和人们的危害,首先应进行基础逸散情况的监测,认知城市下水道系统中毒害气体的逸散规律。本研究在南方某市进行监测,以该市排水系统中菜市场、污水支管、居民小区、污水干管、提升泵站、污水厂等特征点为具体监测对象,针对其甲烷和硫化氢的产生、逸散展开具体研究,对居民小区进行系统的布点监测,探究硫化氢气体沿程逸散规律,并对毒害气体的控制提出相应方法。论文研究的主要结论如下:(1)不同特征源的监测结果表明:不同类型特征源处检查井/池内的硫化氢和甲烷气体浓度均有不同。硫化氢气体逸散浓度遵循:污水支管居民小区菜市场泵站污水干管污水厂;甲烷气体逸散浓度遵循:泵站污水厂居民小区污水支管菜市场、污水干管。(2)居民小区检查井中夏季硫化氢气体的逸散浓度显著高于冬季。夏季时检查井中气温由浅至深逐渐降低,硫化氢气体浓度逐渐增大;冬季时检查井中气温由浅至深逐渐升高,硫化氢气体浓度逐渐减小。(3)存在雨污错接的排水区域内,降雨对污水检查井中硫化氢气体的逸散有着重大的影响。初期雨水的混入造成硫化氢气体的大量溢出,但降雨过程可有效降低硫化氢气体的逸散量。(4)在居民小区排水管网中,支管井中硫化氢浓度水平显著低于主管井,从支管井到主管井的变化过程中硫化氢气体的含量显著增大。支管井内污水的硫酸盐和COD含量高于主管井内,而氨氮、磷酸盐、硫化物的含量随着污水在管网中停留时间的增长逐渐增大。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urban construction in China, the scale of urban drainage network system is becoming larger and larger. As the infrastructure of the city, it undertakes the important task of collecting and transporting municipal sewage, industrial and enterprise wastewater. It plays an irreplaceable role in the process of urban water environment circulation. The increasing sewer system has created a more ideal biochemical reaction environment for microbes to produce toxic gases such as methane hydrogen sulfide and other toxic gases in sediment and sewage at the bottom of the pipe which pollutes the atmosphere and endangers people's health. In order to control the harm of methane gas and hydrogen sulfide gas produced by urban sewer system to the atmosphere and people, it is necessary to monitor the basic emission and to understand the law of toxic gas emission in urban sewer system. In this study, the characteristics of vegetable market, sewage branch pipe, residential district, sewage trunk pipe, lifting pump station, sewage treatment plant and so on in the drainage system of a southern city were taken as the specific monitoring objects, aiming at the generation of methane and hydrogen sulfide. In this paper, a detailed study is carried out on the distribution of hydrogen sulfide gas in residential areas, and the corresponding methods for controlling the toxic gas are put forward. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the monitoring results of different characteristic sources show that the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and methane in different types of characteristic sources are different. Hydrogen sulfide gas concentration followed: sewage branch pipe residential vegetable market pumping station sewage treatment plant; The emission concentration of methane gas follows: the vegetable market of sewage branch pipe and the main pipe of sewage in the sewage treatment area of pumping station. (2) the emission concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas in summer in residential inspection well is significantly higher than that in winter. In summer, the temperature in the well decreases gradually from shallow to deep, and the concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas increases gradually. In winter, the temperature in the well increases gradually from shallow to deep, and the concentration of hydrogen sulfide decreases gradually. (3) in the drainage area where the rain pollution is staggered, rainfall has a great influence on the emission of hydrogen sulfide gas in the sewage inspection well. In the early stage, the mixing of Rain Water caused a large amount of hydrogen sulfide gas overflow, but the precipitation process could effectively reduce the emission of hydrogen sulfide gas. (4) in the residential district drainage network, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in branch wells was significantly lower than that in the main well. The content of hydrogen sulfide gas increases significantly during the change from branch well to main well. The content of sulfate and COD in the sewage of branch well is higher than that in the well in charge, while the contents of ammonia nitrogen, phosphate and sulfides increase with the increase of the residence time of sewage in the pipe network.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU992;X51

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