关中乡村近零能耗居住建筑设计研究

发布时间：2019-01-20 09:08

【摘要】：关中地处陕西中部,冬季寒冷,夏季炎热,具有西北地区典型的气候特征。关中乡村居住建筑在城镇化过程中,逐渐从窑洞、夯土建筑过渡到砖混建筑,而建筑用能由以生物质能为主的非商品能源转变成以电、煤、天然气为主的商品能源。关中乡村居住建筑多为单体建筑,分布分散且总面积巨大,建筑耗能量巨大。在当前能源危机的大背景下,建筑节能迫在眉睫。本文通过深入调研,对当前关中乡村地区的区域范围和气候特征进行了全方位的分析研究。通过对调研资料归纳整理,结合关中地区的气候特征与关中乡村居民对建筑室内热舒适的需求,设定了关中乡村居住建筑近零能耗目标——比现有民居建筑节能75%。从关中农村的生活习惯及民居的发展现状出发,建立了优化设计的模型。在此基础上,进一步研究了建筑朝向、体形系数、空间布局、窗墙比、围护结构热工性能、建筑遮阳和自然通风7个设计参数对建筑能耗的影响,以期使建筑更加接近近零能耗的目标。通过能耗模拟软件对比模拟分析,确定单个设计参数的最优范围。同时利用多因素分析方法——正交实验法对其中的6个参数进行组合分析,模拟计算了25种不同的组合,研究分析了各个因素对关中乡村居住建筑能耗的影响趋势、因素间的主次关系及使能耗最低的设计因素组合模式。同时,本文对当前乡村地区主动式利用可再生能源的技术策略进行了调研分析总结,并结合关中乡村地区适宜使用的可再生能源具体情况,提出关中地区居住建筑适宜的主动式利用可再生能源的技术策略,主要包括太阳能、生物质能两种形式的适宜技术,并对两种可再生能源利用技术进行了集成分析。最后,根据本文对关中地区近零能耗居住建筑的设计原则的总结,从建筑平面、剖面、立面进行优化设计,并选择了适宜的可再生能源利用方案,通过能耗模拟的预测与可再生能源利用的计算,得出了该方案与现有民居建筑相比,节能率可达到83.09%,达到了节能75%的近零能耗目标。
[Abstract]:Guanzhong is located in the central part of Shaanxi Province. It is cold in winter and hot in summer. In the process of urbanization, the rural residential buildings in Guanzhong have gradually changed from caves and rammed earth buildings to brick and concrete buildings, and the energy used in buildings has changed from non-commercial energy based on biomass energy to commercial energy based on electricity, coal and natural gas. Guanzhong rural residential buildings are mostly single buildings, scattered and large total area, building energy consumption is huge. Under the background of the current energy crisis, building energy conservation is imminent. In this paper, the regional scope and climate characteristics of rural areas in Guanzhong are analyzed and studied. Through summing up the investigation data, combining the climate characteristics of Guanzhong area and the rural residents' demand for indoor thermal comfort in Guanzhong area, this paper sets up the goal of near-zero energy consumption of the rural residential buildings in Guanzhong, which is 75% more energy efficient than the existing residential buildings. Based on the living habits of Guanzhong rural areas and the present situation of residential development, a model of optimal design is established. On this basis, the influences of seven design parameters, such as building orientation, body shape coefficient, spatial layout, window to wall ratio, thermal performance of enclosure, building shading and natural ventilation, on building energy consumption are further studied. In order to make the building closer to the goal of near zero energy consumption. The optimal range of a single design parameter is determined by comparing and analyzing the simulation software of energy consumption. At the same time, the orthogonal experiment method is used to analyze the six parameters, and 25 different combinations are simulated and calculated. The influence trend of each factor on the energy consumption of rural residential buildings in Guanzhong is studied and analyzed. The primary and secondary relationships among factors and the design factor combination model to minimize energy consumption. At the same time, the technical strategies of active use of renewable energy in rural areas are analyzed and summarized in this paper, and combined with the specific situation of suitable renewable energy in Guanzhong rural area. The technical strategies for active use of renewable energy for residential buildings in Guanzhong area are put forward, which mainly include solar energy and biomass energy, and the integration analysis of the two renewable energy utilization technologies is carried out. Finally, according to the summary of the design principle of the near zero energy consumption residential building in Guanzhong area, the optimum design of building plane, section and elevation is carried out, and the suitable renewable energy utilization scheme is selected. Through the prediction of energy consumption simulation and the calculation of renewable energy utilization, it is concluded that compared with the existing residential buildings, the energy saving rate of this scheme can reach 83.09, and the goal of energy saving near zero energy consumption of 75% can be achieved.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU241.4;TU201.5

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