地铁车站结构的抗震分析与减震技术研究

发布时间：2019-05-15 14:08

【摘要】：随着我国城镇化与工业化进程不断加快,建设高效、快速与清洁的地下轨道交通已成为发展趋势。地铁车站作为地下轨道交通设施的重要组成部分,一旦遭遇地震荷载破坏,将直接威胁到广大人们群众的生命和财产安全,而我国在地下结构抗震方面的研究起步比较晚,至今没有形成完整、有效的理论体系。因此本文主要探究地铁车站结构的地震响应,并对车站结构的影响因素、减震措施进行分析,对今后地下结构的研究提供宝贵经验。本文依托郑州地铁雪松路站为具体工程实例,考虑材料非线性、接触非线性、阻尼及重力等因素,应用有限元软件ANSYS分别建立了三维土体—地铁车站体系、地上建筑—土体—地铁车站体系、土体—减震层—地铁车站体系相互作用的数值计算模型,并进行相应的动力响应分析。本文首先对土—车站结构体系进行模态分析,研究结构自身的震动情况;其次分析在不同方向地震动输入作用下的地震反应;最后分析了车站主体结构、土体材料弹性模量变化以及地上原有建筑对地下结构抗震性的影响。研究总结地铁车站在地震作用下的规律后,提出在地下结构与岩土体之间设置减震层进行减震分析,研究不同材料与不同厚度减震层作用下的减震效果。本文主要的研究成果如下:(1)车站结构的反应主要受到周围场地土的变形控制;水平地震荷载在地下结构地震响应中起主导作用,耦合竖向地震后,结构的各项指标都大于单向地震荷载下的指标;在同一高度处,中柱的应力大于侧墙和板等部位;各构件相交处的应力大于侧墙、柱及板的跨中部位,在结构设计中应加强这些薄弱环节;地震波在传递过程中,都对输入的基岩加速度幅值进行了放大。(2)提高主体结构材料的弹性模量增强了车站结构的抗震性能,但各构件的位移和应力都增大,既不经济也没有起到减震的效果;提高周围土体材料的弹性模量,各构件的位移和应力都明显减小,起到了减震的效果,但在实际工程中实行起来比较困难。(3)地上有建筑物存在时地铁车站最大位移几乎没变,但相对位移增大;结构整体的应力增大且整个结构体系将不再对称,左右两侧的应力不同,有建筑物一侧的应力大。(4)减震层能够吸收和分散土体传递给结构的应力,对于不同的减震材料,弹模越小减震效果愈加明显,达到位移和应力峰值的时间不断向后推迟;在不同厚度减震材料下,随着减震层厚度的增加,减震效果越明显,在实际工程中应考虑各种因素来确定合理的减震层厚度。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the process of urbanization and industrialization in China, the construction of high-efficiency, rapid and clean underground rail transit has become a developing trend. The subway station, as an important part of the underground rail transit facilities, will directly threaten the lives and property safety of the masses once the earthquake load is damaged, and the research on the earthquake resistance of the underground structure of our country is very late, so far, Effective theoretical system. Therefore, the paper mainly probes into the seismic response of the subway station structure, and analyzes the influence factors and the shock absorption measures of the station structure, and provides valuable experience for the research of the underground structure in the future. In this paper, based on the example of the concrete project of Zhengzhou Metro Xuesong Road Station, considering the factors such as material nonlinearity, contact nonlinearity, damping and gravity, the three-dimensional soil and subway station system is established by using the finite element software ANSYS. The numerical calculation model of the interaction between the soil body and the damping layer and the subway station system is calculated and the corresponding dynamic response analysis is carried out. In this paper, the modal analysis of the structure system of the earth-fired station is carried out firstly, the vibration of the structure itself is studied, the seismic response under the action of the vibration input in different directions is analyzed, and the structure of the main body of the station is analyzed. The change of the elastic modulus of the soil and the effect of the original building on the earthquake resistance of the underground structure. After the study of the law of the subway station under the action of earthquake, it is proposed to set the shock-absorbing layer between the underground structure and the rock-soil body to carry out the shock-absorbing analysis to study the shock-absorbing effect of different materials and different thickness-absorbing layers. The main research results are as follows: (1) The reaction of the station structure is mainly controlled by the deformation of the surrounding field soil; the horizontal seismic load plays a leading role in the seismic response of the underground structure, and after the vertical earthquake is coupled, the indexes of the structure are larger than that of the one-way seismic load; In the same height, the stress of the center pillar is larger than that of the side wall and the plate; the stress at the intersection of the components is larger than that of the side wall, the column and the plate, and the weak links shall be strengthened in the structural design; and the amplitude of the input bedrock acceleration is amplified in the transmission process of the seismic wave. (2) the elastic modulus of the material of the main body is improved, the anti-seismic performance of the station structure is enhanced, the displacement and the stress of each component are increased, It has the effect of shock absorption, but it is difficult to implement in the actual project. (3) The maximum displacement of the metro station is almost unchanged when there is a building on the ground, but the relative displacement is increased; the stress of the whole structure is increased and the whole structure system will no longer be symmetrical, the stress on the left and right sides is different, and the stress on one side of the building is large. and (4) the shock-absorbing layer can absorb and disperse the stress transmitted by the soil body to the structure, The more obvious the effect of the shock-absorbing effect, various factors should be taken into account in the actual project to determine the reasonable thickness of the shock-absorbing layer.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U231.4;TU93

【参考文献】