动臂式塔式起重机结构系统动态特性研究
发布时间：2019-06-27 16:13
【摘要】：我国城市化建设进程发展迅速,密集建筑楼群不断涌现,动臂式塔机在建筑施工中发挥着重要的作用。随着动臂式塔机向大起升高度和大起重量方向的不断发展,在满足结构静态强度、刚度及稳定性要求的同时,对塔机结构进行动态特性研究具有重要的现实意义。论文以JCD260动臂式塔机为研究对象,建立了塔机结构系统参数化有限元模型,对其静态性能和在脉动风载荷作用下的动态响应进行了分析,研究了结构系统的动态特性并进行了动态优化设计。利用ANSYS软件对动臂式塔机进行静刚度、强度和稳定性计算,结果表明塔机静刚度、各构件的强度和受压杆件的稳定性均满足设计要求。基于动态响应分析法对动臂式塔机进行风振特性研究。运用AR模型法并采用Davenport脉动风速谱在MATLAB软件中模拟了塔机脉动风速时程,结果显示脉动风速时程的模拟功率谱与目标功率谱吻合较好,表明模拟的脉动风速合理有效。运用ANSYS软件对动臂式塔机结构进行模态分析,得到结构前八阶固有频率和振型。采用瞬态动力学分析方法对动臂式塔机在脉动风载荷作用下的动态响应进行研究,与静态分析结果对比表明,考虑风载荷的脉动效应后,结构沿风向的振幅明显增大,计算结果偏于不安全;脉动风载荷在初始时刻作用在塔机结构上相当于偶然冲击载荷,结构会产生较大应力响应,在塔身根部主肢和起重臂第四、第五节臂架连接处出现了瞬时异常高的应力值,结构可能发生失稳破坏。因此,在塔机结构抗风设计过程中需要考虑风载荷的脉动效应且有必要进行动态优化。采用ANSYS软件对动臂式塔机结构进行谐响应分析,发现塔机结构的第二阶固有频率对其动态性能影响最大;确定物品突然离地起升工况为结构动态计算工况,对塔机结构进行动力响应分析,发现结构动位移响应的最大幅值较大,结构各部件均有较大幅度的振动。为使动臂式塔机结构系统具有良好的静、动态性能和较轻的重量,将结构自重W和第2阶模态频率f2作为动态优化的目标,将结构动应力、动位移作为动态优化的状态变量。利用ISIGHT软件中的试验设计方法对动臂式塔机结构系统进行灵敏度分析,确定了动态优化的主要设计变量。为提升动态优化的速度,构建了响应面近似模型,其误差在可控范围之内,可用来替代塔机的有限元模型。最后,采用多目标优化算法NSGA-II算法进行动臂式塔机结构系统的动态优化设计,优化后的结果表明结构系统自重减轻,静、动态性能得到提高。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization in China and the emergence of dense building groups, moving arm tower crane plays an important role in construction. With the continuous development of moving arm tower crane in the direction of large lifting height and large lifting weight, it is of great practical significance to study the dynamic characteristics of tower crane structure while meeting the requirements of static strength, stiffness and stability of the structure. In this paper, taking JCD260 moving arm tower crane as the research object, the parametric finite element model of tower crane structure system is established, its static performance and dynamic response under fluctuating wind load are analyzed, the dynamic characteristics of the structure system are studied and the dynamic optimization design is carried out. The static stiffness, strength and stability of the moving arm tower crane are calculated by ANSYS software. The results show that the static stiffness of the tower crane, the strength of each component and the stability of the compressed members meet the design requirements. Based on the dynamic response analysis method, the wind-induced vibration characteristics of moving arm tower crane are studied. The fluctuating wind speed time history of tower crane is simulated by AR model method and Davenport fluctuating wind velocity spectrum in MATLAB software. The results show that the simulated power spectrum of fluctuating wind speed history is in good agreement with the target power spectrum, which indicates that the simulated fluctuating wind speed is reasonable and effective. The modal analysis of the moving arm tower crane structure is carried out by using ANSYS software, and the first eight natural frequencies and vibration modes of the structure are obtained. The dynamic response of moving arm tower crane under fluctuating wind load is studied by transient dynamic analysis method. Compared with the static analysis results, the amplitude of the structure along the wind direction increases obviously after considering the fluctuating effect of wind load, and the calculated results are unsafe. The fluctuating wind load acts on the tower crane structure at the initial time, which is equivalent to the accidental impact load, and the structure will produce a large stress response. at the fourth and fifth arm joint of the main limb and lifting arm of the tower body, the instantaneous abnormal stress value appears, and the structure may be unstable and destroyed. Therefore, the fluctuating effect of wind load should be considered and dynamic optimization should be carried out in the process of wind resistance design of tower crane structure. The harmonic response analysis of the moving arm tower crane structure is carried out by using ANSYS software, and it is found that the second natural frequency of the tower crane structure has the greatest influence on its dynamic performance. It is determined that the sudden lifting condition of the item is the dynamic calculation condition of the structure, and the dynamic response analysis of the tower crane structure shows that the maximum amplitude of the dynamic displacement response of the structure is large, and each part of the structure has a large amplitude vibration. In order to make the structural system of moving arm tower crane have good static, dynamic performance and light weight, the self weight W and the second modal frequency f 2 of the structure are taken as the objectives of dynamic optimization, and the dynamic stress and dynamic displacement of the structure are taken as the state variables of dynamic optimization. The sensitivity analysis of the moving arm tower crane structure system is carried out by using the experimental design method in ISIGHT software, and the main design variables of dynamic optimization are determined. In order to improve the speed of dynamic optimization, the approximate model of response surface is constructed, and its error is within the controllable range, which can be used to replace the finite element model of tower crane. Finally, the dynamic optimization design of the moving arm tower crane structure system is carried out by using the multi-objective optimization algorithm NSGA-II algorithm. The optimized results show that the self-weight of the structure system is reduced, and the static and dynamic performance of the structure system is improved.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU61
本文编号：2506953
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization in China and the emergence of dense building groups, moving arm tower crane plays an important role in construction. With the continuous development of moving arm tower crane in the direction of large lifting height and large lifting weight, it is of great practical significance to study the dynamic characteristics of tower crane structure while meeting the requirements of static strength, stiffness and stability of the structure. In this paper, taking JCD260 moving arm tower crane as the research object, the parametric finite element model of tower crane structure system is established, its static performance and dynamic response under fluctuating wind load are analyzed, the dynamic characteristics of the structure system are studied and the dynamic optimization design is carried out. The static stiffness, strength and stability of the moving arm tower crane are calculated by ANSYS software. The results show that the static stiffness of the tower crane, the strength of each component and the stability of the compressed members meet the design requirements. Based on the dynamic response analysis method, the wind-induced vibration characteristics of moving arm tower crane are studied. The fluctuating wind speed time history of tower crane is simulated by AR model method and Davenport fluctuating wind velocity spectrum in MATLAB software. The results show that the simulated power spectrum of fluctuating wind speed history is in good agreement with the target power spectrum, which indicates that the simulated fluctuating wind speed is reasonable and effective. The modal analysis of the moving arm tower crane structure is carried out by using ANSYS software, and the first eight natural frequencies and vibration modes of the structure are obtained. The dynamic response of moving arm tower crane under fluctuating wind load is studied by transient dynamic analysis method. Compared with the static analysis results, the amplitude of the structure along the wind direction increases obviously after considering the fluctuating effect of wind load, and the calculated results are unsafe. The fluctuating wind load acts on the tower crane structure at the initial time, which is equivalent to the accidental impact load, and the structure will produce a large stress response. at the fourth and fifth arm joint of the main limb and lifting arm of the tower body, the instantaneous abnormal stress value appears, and the structure may be unstable and destroyed. Therefore, the fluctuating effect of wind load should be considered and dynamic optimization should be carried out in the process of wind resistance design of tower crane structure. The harmonic response analysis of the moving arm tower crane structure is carried out by using ANSYS software, and it is found that the second natural frequency of the tower crane structure has the greatest influence on its dynamic performance. It is determined that the sudden lifting condition of the item is the dynamic calculation condition of the structure, and the dynamic response analysis of the tower crane structure shows that the maximum amplitude of the dynamic displacement response of the structure is large, and each part of the structure has a large amplitude vibration. In order to make the structural system of moving arm tower crane have good static, dynamic performance and light weight, the self weight W and the second modal frequency f 2 of the structure are taken as the objectives of dynamic optimization, and the dynamic stress and dynamic displacement of the structure are taken as the state variables of dynamic optimization. The sensitivity analysis of the moving arm tower crane structure system is carried out by using the experimental design method in ISIGHT software, and the main design variables of dynamic optimization are determined. In order to improve the speed of dynamic optimization, the approximate model of response surface is constructed, and its error is within the controllable range, which can be used to replace the finite element model of tower crane. Finally, the dynamic optimization design of the moving arm tower crane structure system is carried out by using the multi-objective optimization algorithm NSGA-II algorithm. The optimized results show that the self-weight of the structure system is reduced, and the static and dynamic performance of the structure system is improved.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU61
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