钱宾四《论语新解》探微

发布时间：2018-01-04 16:39

本文关键词：钱宾四《论语新解》探微　出处：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近些年来,随着“读经热”,“国学热”浪潮的席卷,对传统经典的学习和解读成为目前公众关注的重要焦点之一,作为有东方“圣经”之誉的《论语》更是如此。但由于多种原因,市面上出现诸多令人咂舌的解读不仅曲解了经典,还误导了公众。在时代骤变,世事迥异的今天,我们应该如何认识和解读《论语》这部经典?本文笔者试图通过对近现代转型时期的一部《论语》注解著作——钱穆先生的《论语新解》进行分析和探讨,希望对我们今天解读《论语》有所启发和帮助。钱先生治学,兼及四部,涵贯中西,他一生笔耕不辍,著述等身,煌煌五十四册一千七百万言行于世。本文以《论语新解》为研究对象,主要以分析《论语新解》的诠释特点为中心,内容涉及钱先生成长治学的时代背景、作者的文化态度,以及《论语新解》成书的因由始末。然后从整体和部分两个层次分别对《论语新解》的诠释特点进行具体分析,在分析时,也述及这些特点背后的原因及与钱先生个人学术思想的关系。最后,对全文做出总结。本文认为,近代以来,由于内忧外患的双重挤压,中国传统的知识、思想与信仰价值体系面临着解体和重构。从思想整体演进的趋势上看,是一个文化变革不断走向“激进”的过程。从民族文化心理演变的角度来说,是民族文化自信逐渐丧失,民族信仰价值体系逐渐瓦解的过程。钱先生没有选择走向全盘否定传统的激进文化立场,他认为中国在走向现代化的途中不应该割断历史,应该发掘我们文化传统的积极因素使之焕发新生命。在当时民族自信心普遍低落的境况下,他提醒人们应该树立民族文化自信。他坚信中国不会亡,而且坚信我们的民族将来会有更伟大光明的前途。这不是他一厢情愿的爱国热情,而是他深究中国数千年历史文化传统后得出的结论。他的一生为唤醒国人对我们民族历史文化传统的信心、温情与敬意而竭尽全力。钱先生通过对《论语》进行现代诠释,使今天的人们能方便、真实地认识与体味孔子的思想。《论语新解》是他探求中国文化传统当代价值,唤醒人们的民族自信心,重建民族文化信仰的一部力作。并且钱先生认为,孔子的教导并不是凭空地自我创造,然后强加给人们去信仰,而是孔子在认真研求我们民族已往全部历史的基础上总结提炼出来的。这一信仰是由学而入信的信仰,不同于西方宗教由信入学的信仰体系。钱先生认为,中国文化和学术有其自身的演进脉络与特色,因此,他在诠释《论语》的过程中坚持秉持中国传统的学术精神与特点来理解经典,而不是以外来思想架构去肢解经典。理解《论语》应该讲求会通一体,破除门户之见,辞章、考据、义理兼采。他还认为,学习孔子和《论语》,重在学习做人,因此他诠解孔子和《论语》也重在实际人生和吃紧为人处求,而不是将其概括为几个简单抽象的思想概念。并且,他认为治学及文化问题不仅仅只是知识精英们的事,也不能以专家自限,应该顾及到一般人如何做人与生活的问题。因此他在诠释《论语》时,很重视对一般知识水平读者的关照。这对今天专业化、职业化的治学倾向有很大的启发价值。另外,他以史学立场显经学真是的学术立场在诠释《论语》时也有所体现。因受时代学风的影响,在《论语新解》中也有一些因应对时代论题而遗留下的痕迹。整体而言,钱先生对《论语》的诠释是当时时代环境,人生学术信仰,个人治学特色与生命体悟的综合结晶。从中我们不仅能读到他热心于对历史遗产的承继,也能体会到他倾情于对时代价值的阐发,还有他对信仰的孜孜情感与对知识的灼灼理性。其中,多有值得我们今天在理解和诠释经典时需要参考琢磨的卓见。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the "Bible heat", "heat wave swept Ancient Chinese Literature Search", one of the important focus of public concern as to traditional classical learning and interpretation, as the Oriental "Bible" known as the "Analects > is so. But because of various reasons, many of the staggering market not only misinterpret classics, also misled the public. In the era of change, the different today, how should we understand and interpret < > this classic The Analects of Confucius? The author of this thesis tries to pass a note book of < > The Analects of Confucius in Modern Transition -- Analysis and discussion of Qian Muxian's" Analects ", we hope to < > interpretation of the Analects of Confucius today to inspire and help.
Mr. Qian scholarship, and four, Han West, he's writing, fifty-four volumes of seventeen million one author with many works to his credit, words and deeds in the world. Based on the "Analects" as the research object, mainly in the analysis of the characteristics of "interpretation of Analects > as the center, covering the Changzhi money first generation background, the author's cultural attitude < >, and the Analects book cause the whole story. Then from the two levels of overall and partial interpretation of characteristics of < Analects > were analyzed, in the analysis, and also the reasons behind these characteristics and the relationship with the money of his personal academic thinking. Finally, make a summary of the full text.
This paper argues that, in modern times, because of the double squeeze the traditional China domestic trouble and foreign invasion, knowledge, ideas and beliefs value system is facing disintegration and reconstruction. From the thought of the overall development trend, is a cultural change to the "radical" process. From the national culture psychology evolution perspective, is the culture of self-confidence the process of gradual loss of national belief value system gradually disintegrated. The radical cultural position of Mr. Qian did not choose to negate the traditional, he believes that Chinese should not cut off the history on the way to modernization, we should dig the positive factors of traditional culture make it full of new life. At that time the national self-confidence is low under the circumstances, he remind people should establish a national cultural self-confidence. He believed that China will not perish, but we believe that the future will have greater national grand future. This is not his car Willing patriotism, but a conclusion drawn after he studied China's thousands of years' historical and cultural traditions. His life has been trying to awaken the Chinese people's confidence, warmth and respect for our national historical and cultural traditions.
Mr. Qian through the modern interpretation of "the Analects of Confucius", so that people today can truly understand and appreciate the convenience, Confucius thought. He is Chinese Analects > explore cultural tradition of contemporary value, arouse people's national self-confidence, the reconstruction of the national cultural beliefs a masterpiece. And Mr. Qian believes that the teachings of Confucius and not a figment of self creation, and imposed on people to faith, but Confucius in the research foundation of our nation in the past all serious history summary. This belief is the belief in science by letter, by the letter of admission is different from the Western religious belief system. Mr. Qian believes that China cultural and academic evolution and have the characteristics of its own, therefore, he insisted uphold the academic spirit and characteristics of traditional Chinese to understand classical interpretation on the < > in the Analects rather than to foreign ideas, to understand the classical architecture dismembered. < > should be on the development of the Analects of Confucius, poetry, criticism, get rid of parochial prejudice, and righteousness. He also believes that the study of Confucius and "the Analects of Confucius", focusing on the learning of life, so his interpretation of Confucius and "the Analects of Confucius" is in the actual life and the tight man, rather than be summed up as a few a simple abstract concept. And he believes that academic and cultural issues not only knowledge elite, nor expert self limited, should take account of how to be ordinary people and life. So he in the interpretation of "the Analects of Confucius", attaches great importance to the general level of knowledge. The readers care professional today the occupation, academic tendency has great instructive value. In addition, he takes the history position classics is an academic position in the interpretation of "the Analects of Confucius > is also reflected. Because of the influence of the style of study of the times, in the" Analects > there are some coping topics left time Traces left. Overall, Mr. Qian interpretation of < > was the era of the Analects of Confucius life environment, academic belief, crystallization characteristics and personal academic understanding of life. From it we can not only read his enthusiasm on the history heritage inheritance, also can feel his portrait in the analysis on generation of value. And his faith and knowledge of emotion diligently shining rational. Among them, there are many worthy of our reference to ponder insight in understanding and interpretation of the classic today.

【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：B26

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