王安石人性论研究

发布时间：2018-01-01 13:15

本文关键词：王安石人性论研究　出处：《陕西师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：王安石从小受父亲的影响,具有儒学家底。他立志做一个像稷、契那样的大臣后,所自觉学习的是儒家的经典。父亲去世后,迫于家中的经济压力要考取功名而入学为诸生,所学习的还是儒家经典。在这种氛围之中,王安石逐步确立了自己儒者的身份。当王安石考中进士,签书淮南判官后,看到了佛道昌盛,儒学衰微的现实。作为一个儒者,他开始研究对儒家有卫道之功和具有丰富心性论思想的孟子,希望通过对孟子性善论思想的阐发来回应佛家心性论的挑战。这一时期,他还站在孟子性善论的立场上批评了荀子的性恶论。进入官场后,王安石越来越感觉到恶在现实中存在的事实,想要探讨恶存在的深层原因。但他仍然相信性善论,所以一开始选择了李翱的性善情恶说作为这一问题的答案。后来他看到李翱的性善情恶说有违于《中庸》的性情一致理论,就从善恶在现实中存在的事实出发,经过性情一致的理论分析,最终接受了杨雄的性善恶混说。但他不愿意放弃性善说,所以用各有所当的方式会通了杨雄的性善恶混说和孟子的性善说。佛道的逼迫并没有终止,王安石会通孟杨后的人性论也无力应对佛家具有本体论色彩的心性论的挑战。同时,他认为当时流行的孟荀杨韩四子的人性论也无一能达到本体论的高度。这时,王安石的爱子不幸病逝,加上改革派内部互相倾轧,王安石的内心陷入了巨大的痛苦之中。为了排遣痛苦,王安石在佛道思想中寻找慰藉。这样他接触了大量的佛道思想精华,终于利用佛道思想资源构建了他具有本体论高度的人性论。接着他会通了他具有本体论高度的无善无恶的人性论和原来他具有的性有善有恶的人性论,把它们归为体用关系。这个具有本体论高度的人性论可以说是来源于佛道,但是王安石儒者的身份自觉使他把这个人性论归于孔子。这样,儒家就有了具有本体论高度的人性论。这样,王安石就拥有了一套具有立体层面、丰富内容的人性论。就层面上讲,王安石的人性论有价值理想、现实关怀、本体论三个层面；就内容上讲,王安石的人性论包括性善、性有善有恶、性无善无恶三块内容。王安石相信性善论,所以他有一种向善的人生态度,具体表现为他孝亲养家、与人为善、惟道是从、兼济天下四个方面；王安石相信性有善有恶论,所以他有一种自是的人生态度,具体表现为他罢君子、用小人两个方面；王安石相信性无善无恶论,所以他有一种超脱的人生态度,具体表现为于事无心、与人无仇两个方面。但是情况并非这样简单：当他相信性有善有恶论同时又有性善论的价值指向时,他的自是态度就会进一步加强。当他相信性无善无恶论而具有一种超脱的人生态度时,作为性善论导致的兼济天下情怀使他最终不能得以完全超脱。王安石人性论的贡献在于它把儒家人性论提高了到本体论的高度,其成因是王安石能顺应时代要求,并且对佛道学说采取一种宽容的利用态度。王安石人性论的不足在于它不够纯熟,其成因是王安石兼收并蓄的为学进路。这一见解对当前复兴国学具有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Wang Anshi childhood by his father's influence, with Confucianism. He wanted to become a family like millet, Qi as minister after the learning of Confucian classics. After the death of his father, to acquire fame and enrollment for all students under the family economic pressure, learning or Confucian classics in this kind of atmosphere. Wang Anshi, established his own Confucian identity. When Wang Anshi admitted in the examination, a book signing Huainan magistrate, see Buddhism is prosperous, the decline of Confucianism in reality. As a scholar, he began to study Confucian lifes work and has rich mind theory thought Mencius, hope to respond to challenges Buddhist doctrine through the analysis of the Mencius theory of good ideas. During this period, he also stood in the Mencius theory of good position on the criticism of Xunzi's theory of nature.
To enter officialdom, Wang Anshi felt more and more evil exist in reality in fact, want to explore the underlying causes of the existence of evil. But he still believes that the theory of good, so start Li Ao's good or evil, said as an answer to this question. Then he saw Li Ao's good or evil that has temperament contrary to the doctrine of "consistent theory", starting from the fact of good and evil exist in reality, through the theoretical analysis of the favorable disposition, finally accepted Yang Xiong's mix of good and evil. But he is not willing to give up the good, so when the way through Yang Xiong's mix of good and evil and the Mencius good.
Buddha force does not terminate, Wang Anshi will pass the theory of human nature after Meng Yang are unable to cope with the challenges of Buddhism with ontological color disposition theory. At the same time, he believes that human nature was popular Meng Xun Yang Han four son of no one can reach the height of ontology. Then, the son of Wang Anshi died of disease. With the reform of internal strife, Wang Anshi's heart into a huge pain. To avoid pain, Wang Anshi find solace in Buddhism and Taoism. So he contacted a large number of Buddhist thought essence, finally he has constructed the ontological level theory of human nature by Buddhism and Taoism resources. Then he will pass his body the height of no good no evil of human nature and that he has a good and evil of human nature, they are classified into relationship of body. This is the ontological level of human nature can be said to be derived from Buddhism, but Wang Anshi is the identity of Confucian consciousness which he put the theory of human nature to Confucius. So, there is a Confucian has the ontological height of human nature.
So, Wang Anshi will have a solid level, rich content of the theory of human nature. The perspective, Wang Anshi's theory of human nature has value ideal, reality, ontology in three aspects; on the content, including Wang Anshi's theory of human nature of goodness, of good and evil, of evil the three piece of content.
Wang Anshi believes that the theory of good nature, so he has a good attitude towards life, the specific performance of his filial piety family, helping others, but the word is from the four aspects, the economy and the world; Wang Anshi believe that sex is good and evil, so he has a self's attitude towards life, specifically for him to be a gentleman, with the two aspects of the villain; Wang Anshi believes the doctrine of evil, so he has a detached attitude towards life, the specific performance in two aspects of mood, no enmity with people. But the situation is not so simple: when he believed that sex is good and evil and goodness of the theory of sexual value when since, his attitude is will be further strengthened. When he believed that the doctrine of evil has a detached attitude towards life, as the theory of good to the economy and the world of feelings that he eventually cannot be completely detached.
Wang Anshi's theory of human nature lies in its contribution to the Confucian theory of human nature raised to the height of ontology, its origin is Wang Anshi can comply with the requirements of the times, and take a tolerant attitude towards the use of Buddhist doctrine. Lack of Wang Anshi's theory of human nature is that it is not mature, its origin is Wang Anshi "s learning approach. The conception of has certain reference significance to current renaissance Ancient Chinese Literature Search.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：B244.5

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