日本儒学之古学对朱子学的批判与重建

发布时间：2018-01-10 10:05

本文关键词：日本儒学之古学对朱子学的批判与重建　出处：《南京大学》2010年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：日本儒学的思想特质在日本近世之德川时代(1600一1868)才开始表现出明显的形态,此后,儒学成为这个时代思想的主流。尤其在幕府保护之下的朱子学更拥有特殊的地位。随着历史的演变,德川中期发生了儒学内部革新的倾向,即古学、阳明学与朱子学的对立,这也是古学思想的勃兴。一般而言,日本德川时代的古学派计有素行学、仁斋学、徂徕学三派,他们均有的共通点是反对程朱理学、排斥佛学亦不取阳明学,欲直求返回原始儒学思想,致力于先王、孔子之道,故又称为复古学派。那么日本古学与朱子学的关系到底是怎样的呢?笔者通过对已有研究成果的整理和分析并作出此课题目前为止还没有理想的研究成果的结论。当时日本儒学之古学是对朱子学是批判与否定的立场。朱子学作为完整的思想体系,日本古学对它的批判与否定是并非简单,这个历史发展过程需要更全面、更系统、更科学的研究及推理。本文以此课题作为研究对象,努力研究日本儒学之古学到底是如何批判、否定朱子学,并提出自己独特思想体系的渊源关系。具体分以下几个章节进行研究。首章为绪论,即解答提出此课题之目的及实际意义的问题。课题把中日学者的研究成果进行系统地整理并将之作为研究的基础和依据。绪论中最重要一点就是新方法的使用,以及本课题在此领域将作出怎样的贡献,这些问题作为首章中的重要问题予以解答。第二章是论文主体不可缺少的,是与论文主体部分有直接关联的重要部分,分为三部分来系统研究口本儒学之古学批判与重建朱子学思想的社会背景问题。第三章是主体论文的开始阶段,朱子学是围绕“理”、“气”等核心概念来展开的,理为本、性即理、理即道。因为理的存在,万事万物和天才可以内在的联通,合二为一。古学派恰恰批判和否定的就是这种本体论思想体系。要批判朱子学本体论思想,就要从对他的“理”、“气”思想入手。这是本章的研究目的。第四章认为,朱了学以“理”作为根本的思想范畴,把形而上意义上的“理”当做为人性最终的本原,而把气当作为可变的,人性兼具善恶的根源,甚至主张气质之性应当回归到以理为本的本然之性,即贯通形而上和形而下之性的连续思维体系。说明朱子学本体论思想具有内在关联性。那么既然已经批判和否定了朱子学之本体论思想,接下来要面对的就是朱子学之人性论思想。古学到底是如何对待这一思想体系的,成为本章的研究目的。经过以上的研究,可以推论日本儒学之古学派思想家是怎样批判、否定朱子学本体论和人性论思想的,同时提出自己独特的思想体系。根据研究可以推知,在此基础上重建的思想体系中,最核心的内容围绕“道”这一概念范畴进行展现。所以在第五章,笔者尝试解答古学之道的思想特色与朱子学异同关系的问题。惟有研究此章,学界才可以体会到日本儒学之古学的特征,即日本意义上的儒学思想体系到底具有何种精神。朱子学刺激日本儒学的产生,而日本古学刺激日本国学的产生。只有对这种连续发展及相互刺激关系进行研究,才能探研日本现代化之路的根源性之因。第六章,日本儒学之古学的基本信念是回到孔子之古经。古学是怎么阐释作为孔子思想特质之一的仁义思想的,此章选择仁斋和徂徕两位古学思想大师的“仁”、“义”思想,并与朱子学的比较。日本作为儒文化圈内的国家,对孔子的这一学说,有着独特的阐释,这值得中国学者的学习和研究。最后一章是结论部分,论文以不同文化背景下的儒学为题目,对整篇论文做出结论,即日本儒学之古学到底是怎样对待朱子学的,这一批判过程的历史渊源与重建自己独特思想体系的思想特色,以及两者的关系。此章内容到目前为止还没有学者进行研究,笔者相信起具有极为重要的理论价值和意义。通过收集、整理、分析一手和二手资料,并以此作为基础,进行较系统、全面、深入和科学的研究,笔者最后作出结论——日本儒学之古学对朱子学思想批判、否定与重建的特征是怎样的。
[Abstract]:Japanese Confucianism thought character in Tokchon modern Japanese Era (1600 to 1868) began to show obvious form, since then, Confucianism became the mainstream of the times thought. Especially in the shogunate under the protection of Zhu Zixue has a special status. With the evolution of history, the tendency of Confucianism internal innovation of Tokchon's medium-term, namely ancient learn, Yangming opposition and Zhu Zixue, which is the ancient theory of prosperity. In general, the Japanese ancient school age in Tokchon include motoyuki, Ren Zhai, Sorai school three, they have in common is against the science of Cheng Zhu, the rejection of Buddhism not to take Yangming, want to ask return to the original Confucianism, committed to the king, Confucius Road, it is also known as the retro school. Then the relationship of ancient Japanese and Zhu Zixue is what kind of? The collation and analysis of existing research results and this topic is currently made by Research on check there is no ideal conclusion. At the time of ancient Japanese Confucianism is in Zhu Zixue's position. Zhu Zixue criticism and negation as a complete system of thought, the Japanese Ancient Study on its criticism and negation is not simple, the history of the development process need to be more comprehensive, more systematic, more scientific research and reasoning. This topic as the research object, to study the ancient Japanese Confucianism learn how negative criticism, Zhu Zixue, and put forward the relationship between their own unique ideological system. The following sections were studied.
The first chapter is the introduction, the purpose of this paper and put forward solutions to practical problem. The research results on the topic of scholars systematically and as the foundation and basis for research. The use of the most important point is that the new method, and the research subject in this field will make a contribution to what. To answer these questions as an important issue in the first chapter. The second chapter is the main body of the thesis is an important part of the indispensable, are directly related to the main part of the thesis, divided into three parts to study the social background of the ancient study of Confucianism in the criticism and reconstruction of Zhu Zixue's thought. The third chapter is the beginning of the main thesis, Zhu Zixue is the "reason", "the core concept of gas" to start, for this, that is, the principle of the road. Because the existence of everything and inherent genius can be made one. The school is Unicom. It is the criticism and negation of the ontology thought system. To criticize Zhu Zixue's ontological thought, going from his "reason", "Qi" theory. This is the purpose of this chapter. The fourth chapter believed that Zhu learned the "truth" as the fundamental category of thought, the metaphysical sense. The "truth" as the ultimate origin of humanity, and the gas as a variable, both good and evil of human nature, even advocated the temperament of Daniel should return to the nature, namely through continuous thinking system of metaphysics and physics. The Zhu Zixue theory of ontology has the intrinsic association so. Since it has been criticized and denied the Zhu Zixue's theory of ontology, theory of human nature is Zhu Zixue in front of you. What is the ancient study how to treat this ideological system, become the research objective of this chapter.
Through the above research can infer ancient Japanese Confucianism philosopher how criticism, Zhu Zixue denied the ontology and the theory of human nature, and put forward its own unique ideological system. According to the research we can conclude that the reconstruction on the basis of ideology, the core content of the show around the "road" this concept. So in the fifth chapter, the author tries to answer the relation between Zhu Zixue thought characteristics and ancient study way of the problem. But the research in this chapter, scholars can appreciate the characteristics of Japanese Confucianism of ancient science, namely the Japanese sense of Confucianism spirit. What is the system in the end Zhu Zixue stimulation of Japanese Confucianism, and ancient Japan stimulate production. Only Japan Ancient Chinese Literature Search and their relationship to stimulate research on this continuous development, in order to study Japanese modernization because of the source. The sixth chapter on the Confucianism The basic belief of the ancient study is to return to Confucius. What is interpretation of ancient classics as one of the characteristics of Confucius's thought and thought of ancient science, this chapter chooses Ren Zhai and culaishan two ancient Confucianism master "benevolence", "righteousness" thought, and with Zhu Zixue. As the cultural circle of Confucianism in Japan the state of the doctrine of Confucius, a unique explanation, it is worth Chinese scholars to study and research. The last chapter is the conclusion part, based on the different cultural background of Confucianism as the subject, make a conclusion of the whole thesis, namely the ancient Japanese Confucianism learn in the end is how to treat Zhu Zixue's history the origin of this critical process and reconstruction of ideological characteristics of their own unique ideological system, and the relationship between them. The content of this chapter so far there is no research, I believe that the play has extremely important theoretical value and significance.
Through collecting, sorting, analyzing first-hand and second-hand materials, and taking it as a basis, we conduct a systematic, comprehensive, in-depth and scientific research. Finally, I draw a conclusion: what is the characteristics of Japanese Confucianism's criticism, negation and reconstruction of Zhu Zixue thought?

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：B313;B244.7

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