文化、权力与市场

发布时间：2018-01-24 22:46

本文关键词： 宇通客车文化权力市场企业民族志　出处：《中央民族大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当人类学传统的研究领域逐渐迷失在现代化的浪潮之中,许多人类学家开始寻找人类学新的出路。经济人类学家们开始跨越文野之别,从乡村回归到都市,尝试在城市社区中来书写现代意义上的民族志。企业民族志就是在这种背景下逐渐产生和发展起来的一种运用传统人类学的研究方法研究现代企业制度的新型民族志。本文的田野点选取在宇通客车集团,之所以选取这一样本,最主要的考虑首先是调查地点的可进入性。因为要做企业民族志会涉及到公司较为隐秘的运作部分,没有熟人关系的介绍一般很难获取比较有价值的资料。而宇通客车作为笔者家乡所在地的企业,通过朋友介绍在这一点上基本还是可以保证的。其次,考虑到的是样本的特殊性。因为,中国的企业成千上万,要做这样一个民族志,要做出自己的特色,一般的企业研究价值是很低的。而宇通客车作为中国客车行业的领头羊,在业界有着良好的信誉和口碑,另外,企业构架非常完整,公司运营制度完善。最重要的是,他前身是国企,后来改制成民营企业,而在改制过程中,涉及到各方面的利益博弈,很符合我做研究前的一个理论预设。在论述中我运用的研究方法除了人类学传统的参与观察和访谈之外,还运用了比较新近的研究方法“生命史”和“深描”,具体而言,“生命史”的方法主要是指我将宇通集团拟人化,按照时间顺序,从纵向梳理了宇通从建厂到如今的生命历程,全方位多视角的展现了宇通的全貌。在写宇通“生命史”的时候我还结合了国学大师王国维先生的人生三境界,将时间段切割为少年、青年、壮年三个阶段分别来论述那一时间宇通集团的成长历程。而“深描”的方法来自人类学前辈格尔茨,这一方法的优势是可以更加关注细微,从更具体的地方深挖宇通的细节。而最终在这一阶段,我选取了宇通文化、权力、市场相关的运作以求勾勒出“权力”隐现下的中国市场经济的发展模式。当然,这一切写作和理论预设的灵感都来自经济人类学前辈波朗尼,因为我所做的全部的论述归根结底都来自于波朗尼那句振聋发聩的名言——“人类的经济行为一直是嵌合在社会之中的。” 作为企业民族志文本的首次尝试,不管是研究方法还是结论,甚至于写作的方式肯定都会有许多不完美的地方。但迈出这艰难的第一步,我们就有理由相信,未来会有更多更加优秀的企业民族志诞生。
[Abstract]:When the traditional field of anthropology was lost in the tide of modernization, many anthropologists began to find a new way out of anthropology. Economic anthropologists began to cross the cultural field, returning from the countryside to the city. Try to write the ethnography in the modern sense in the urban community. The ethnography of enterprise is a new type of people who use the traditional anthropology to study the modern enterprise system. A national record. The field of this paper is selected in Yutong bus Group, the reason for the selection of this sample. The most important consideration is the accessibility of the survey site, as ethnography involves the more secretive part of the company's operations. The introduction of no acquaintance relationship is generally difficult to obtain more valuable information. And Yutong bus as the home location of the enterprise, through the introduction of friends on this point is basically guaranteed. Secondly. Considering the particularity of the sample, because of the thousands of enterprises in China, to do such a ethnography, to make their own characteristics. The general enterprise research value is very low. As the leader of Chinese bus industry, Yutong bus has a good reputation and reputation in the industry, in addition, the enterprise framework is very complete. The most important thing is that his predecessor was a state-owned enterprise, and later changed into a private enterprise. In the process of reform, it involves various aspects of the benefit game, which is very in line with a theoretical presupposition before I do the research. In addition to the anthropological tradition of participation in observation and interviews, I also use more recent research methods, "Life History" and "Deep drawing", to be specific. The method of "the History of Life" mainly refers to my personification of Yutong Group, according to the order of time, combing the life course of Yutong from the establishment of the factory to the present. In the writing of Yutong "life history", I also combined the life of master Wang Guowei, the three realms of life, will be cut into youth, youth. The "deep drawing" method comes from Gertz, the predecessor of anthropology, and the advantage of this method is that it can pay more attention to nuances. In the end, I chose the operation of Yutong culture, power and market in order to outline the development model of China's market economy under the "power". Of course, all of this writing and theoretical presupposition is inspired by the economic anthropology forerunner Polanyi. Because all my exposition comes down to Yu Bo Lonnie's sobering saying: "the economic behavior of mankind has always been embedded in society." As the first attempt of the ethnography text, whether it is the research method or the conclusion, even the way of writing will certainly have many imperfections. But taking this difficult first step, we have reason to believe. There will be more and more excellent ethnography born in the future.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：C912.4

【引证文献】