斯塔罗斯金与郑张尚芳上古音系统比较研究
发布时间：2018-09-04 13:50
【摘要】：斯塔罗斯金与郑张尚芳的上古拟音体系是近年来上古音研究中引起海内外外同行注意的最新成果，此二者与白一平的上古拟音体系并称为新起三家。斯氏1989年在莫斯科出版的《古代汉语音系的构拟》一书是其在上古音研究方面的代表作。郑张尚芳先生的《上古音系》(2003)是其在上古音方面的集大成之作，此书的主要观点已在先生1981—1995年的论文中陆续发表了。两位学者的主要观点不仅发表时间接近，，而且在材料运用、研究方法和结论上都有许多相同之处。斯氏在汉藏比较方面眼界开阔，材料丰富，比较的范围相当广博。郑张先生则在国学功底和本语言方言方面更占优势，且同样重视汉藏比较。他们发挥各自特长对前人的拟音系统加以改订，提出新的构拟系统。 本文将对这两位学者的上古音系统进行全面、细致的比较研究，辨别异同，判断是非，以期有助于我们在上古音研究中达成更多共识。 一、上古声母 同：1．二者都构拟了一套清鼻流音声母，斯氏把它们表示成：(?)郑张先生则表示成hm、hn、h(?)、hl、hr。 2．都把来母拟为r，以母拟为l。 3．都把清母的早期上古音拟为擦音sh。 4．二者的上古声母系统中都有一套唇化舌根音、喉音。 异：1．斯氏同某些学者一样只构拟了一套清鼻流音声母，郑张先生则构拟了两套清鼻流音声母，另一套为mh[(?)~h]、nh[(?)~h]、(?)h[(?)~h]、rh[(?)~h]、lh[(?)~h]。 2．斯氏认为上古浊声母全部有送气、不送气的对立(包括鼻流音、半元音)，而郑张先生浊声母只拟了一套不送气声母。 3．二者所构拟的影、晓、匣、云的上古形式分歧较大。 4．二者对精组字上古形式的处理不同。 5．二者对上古有无边塞擦音的看法不同，斯氏拟了一套边塞擦音：(?)。 5．郑张先生构拟的复声母数量更多、种类更丰富些，划分得也更细腻。 二、上古韵母 1．介音 同：1) 上古只有3个介音：w、j、r，上古没有元音性介音。 2) 都认为发展为中古二等的字全带介音r，发展为中古庄组的三等字和重纽B类字也都带介音r。r在二者的上古系统里分布大致一致。 异：1) 二者对介音w最早出现的时期看法不同。 2) 辅音性的介音j在二者的系统里分布也有区别，郑张先生的章系及邪母带j，斯氏不带。 2．元音长短和“等”
[Abstract]:The ancient phonetic system of Stars Ruskin and Zheng Zhang Shangfang is the latest achievement in the study of ancient sound which has attracted the attention of foreign counterparts at home and abroad in recent years. These two systems and Bai Yiping's ancient phonetic system are called three new ones. The masterpiece of the study of the Ancient Chinese Phonetics, published in Moscow in 1989, is his masterpiece of the study of ancient Chinese phonology. Zheng Zhang Shangfang's "Ancient Phonetics" (2003) is his masterpiece in the field of ancient phonology. The main viewpoints of this book have been published in his papers from 1981 to 1995. The main viewpoints of the two scholars are not only close to each other, but also have many similarities in the application of materials, research methods and conclusions. Si in the Han-Tibetan comparison of broad horizons, rich in materials, the scope of comparison is quite broad. Zheng Zhang has more advantages in Chinese studies and this language, and pays equal attention to the comparison between Chinese and Tibetan. They gave full play to their strong points to revise the previous phonetic system and put forward a new structure system. This paper will make a comprehensive and detailed comparative study of the ancient phonetic system of these two scholars, distinguish the similarities and differences, judge whether it is wrong or not, in order to help us to reach more consensus in the study of the ancient sound. First, the ancient consonant is the same as the first one. Both of them have constructed a set of purgatory nasal consonants, which are expressed as: (?) Mr. Zheng Zhang expressed it as hm,hn,h (?) hllhlhr. 2. Both of them put the mother as r and the mother as l. 3. The early ancient sound of Qing mother was modeled as sh. 4. Both of them had a set of lipalized tongue root sound in their ancient consonant system. Larynx. Like some scholars, Sze constructed only one set of clear nasal flow consonants, while Mr. Zheng Zhang constructed two sets of clear nasal flow consonants. Another set is mh [(?) h] nh [(?) h], (?) h [(?) h] RH [(?) h] lh [(?) h] 2.Sch thinks that all the ancient turbid consonants have the opposite of exhalation (including rhinorrhagia). The semi-vowel), and Mr. Zheng Zhang's turbid consonant has only drawn up a set of unaspirated consonants. 3. The ancient forms of cloud are different. 4. 5. The two have different views on whether or not there was a border erasure in ancient times. Mr. Zheng Zhang constructed more complex initials, more varieties, and more fine division. II. The vowel of the ancient times is the same as 1: 1) there are only three in ancient times In ancient times, there was no vowel sound. 2) all the characters developed into middle-ancient second-class words with intermediate sound rs, and developed into the third-class characters of the middle-ancient Zhuang formation and the heavy-new characters of the middle-ancient Zhuang formation Class B characters also have a similar distribution of r. R in the ancient system. (2) the distribution of consonant diatonic j in their systems is also different. Mr. Zheng Zhang's zodiac system and evil mother band js not wear. 2. Vowel length and "etc."
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：H01
本文编号：2222289
[Abstract]:The ancient phonetic system of Stars Ruskin and Zheng Zhang Shangfang is the latest achievement in the study of ancient sound which has attracted the attention of foreign counterparts at home and abroad in recent years. These two systems and Bai Yiping's ancient phonetic system are called three new ones. The masterpiece of the study of the Ancient Chinese Phonetics, published in Moscow in 1989, is his masterpiece of the study of ancient Chinese phonology. Zheng Zhang Shangfang's "Ancient Phonetics" (2003) is his masterpiece in the field of ancient phonology. The main viewpoints of this book have been published in his papers from 1981 to 1995. The main viewpoints of the two scholars are not only close to each other, but also have many similarities in the application of materials, research methods and conclusions. Si in the Han-Tibetan comparison of broad horizons, rich in materials, the scope of comparison is quite broad. Zheng Zhang has more advantages in Chinese studies and this language, and pays equal attention to the comparison between Chinese and Tibetan. They gave full play to their strong points to revise the previous phonetic system and put forward a new structure system. This paper will make a comprehensive and detailed comparative study of the ancient phonetic system of these two scholars, distinguish the similarities and differences, judge whether it is wrong or not, in order to help us to reach more consensus in the study of the ancient sound. First, the ancient consonant is the same as the first one. Both of them have constructed a set of purgatory nasal consonants, which are expressed as: (?) Mr. Zheng Zhang expressed it as hm,hn,h (?) hllhlhr. 2. Both of them put the mother as r and the mother as l. 3. The early ancient sound of Qing mother was modeled as sh. 4. Both of them had a set of lipalized tongue root sound in their ancient consonant system. Larynx. Like some scholars, Sze constructed only one set of clear nasal flow consonants, while Mr. Zheng Zhang constructed two sets of clear nasal flow consonants. Another set is mh [(?) h] nh [(?) h], (?) h [(?) h] RH [(?) h] lh [(?) h] 2.Sch thinks that all the ancient turbid consonants have the opposite of exhalation (including rhinorrhagia). The semi-vowel), and Mr. Zheng Zhang's turbid consonant has only drawn up a set of unaspirated consonants. 3. The ancient forms of cloud are different. 4. 5. The two have different views on whether or not there was a border erasure in ancient times. Mr. Zheng Zhang constructed more complex initials, more varieties, and more fine division. II. The vowel of the ancient times is the same as 1: 1) there are only three in ancient times In ancient times, there was no vowel sound. 2) all the characters developed into middle-ancient second-class words with intermediate sound rs, and developed into the third-class characters of the middle-ancient Zhuang formation and the heavy-new characters of the middle-ancient Zhuang formation Class B characters also have a similar distribution of r. R in the ancient system. (2) the distribution of consonant diatonic j in their systems is also different. Mr. Zheng Zhang's zodiac system and evil mother band js not wear. 2. Vowel length and "etc."
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：H01
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