大学生自尊特点与性别、年级及心理因素的关系
发布时间：2019-06-14 11:33
【摘要】：目的:观察大学生自尊水平的特点。方法:于2005-11/2006-05选取江西省内6所高等院校,专业包括理工科、医学、师范类及文科类大学生793名。以751名大学生为研究对象,采用二维自尊量表进行调查,包含16个题项,每个维度8个题项。量表的重测信度为0.84和0.80,同质性信度为0.86和0.84;该量表测量整体自尊,分为自我喜欢和自我能力感两个维度。采用个别访谈的方法对自尊高分同学和自尊低分同学进行个别访谈,同时收集同学和班主任(辅导员)对该同学的评价。调查中使用半结构化访谈,访谈提纲的内容是依据症状自评量表各因子结合以往研究中自尊及其相关影响因素设计的,主要包括以下3个方面:①与焦虑有关的认知和事件。②与同学、老师以及朋友的关系。③对自我情感和心境的评价。为了缓解被访谈者的紧张情绪,还进行其他方面的交流。结果:发放问卷793份,收回780份。对所收回的问卷进行初步整理,剔除不符合要求的废卷后,获得有效问卷751份。①男生在整体自尊和自我能力感维度上得分高于女生,差异有显著性意义[分别为(49.5820±7.9979),(48.2091±8.2642)分;(23.3893±3.9680),(22.6963±4.2606)分,t=2.157,2.134,P0.05]。男女生在自我喜欢维度上得分差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。②在整体自尊和自尊两个维度上,各年级之间差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。大二学生自我喜欢维度得分明显高于大一和大三学生[分别为(26.7353±5.1527),(25.2432±4.7695),(25.6045±5.2917)分,t=3.485,2.11,P0.05,0.01];大二学生在自我能力感维度得分明显高于大一和大三学生[分别为(23.5588±4.2219),(22.5459±4.2285),(22.9718±3.9448)分,t=2.748,1.395,P0.05,0.01]。③整体自尊和自尊两个维度,在性别与年级之间有交互效应。整体自尊和自我喜欢得分男生高于女生,大二学生得分高于大一和大三学生。自我能力感得分大二女生高于男生。在整体自尊和自尊两个维度,年级和专业之间有交互效应。④自尊与心理健康的关系:整体自尊高分者普遍具有正确的人生态度,满意的心境,对生活乐观,对未来充满了希望,和谐的人际关系、良好的个性和高尚的人格,同学之间关系融洽,能很好地相处,在与人交往中能做到尊重人、理解人,从不将自己的观点强加到他人的身上,能够平等地、宽容地了解、评价对方。而整体自尊低分者普遍存在焦虑情绪,人际关系不和谐和不能恰当地认同自己,或是莫名其妙地自傲,或是无缘无故地自卑,经常有意无意地掩饰自己的不足,心理特别敏感、脆弱,失落感极强,经不起风浪的折腾,存在严重的心理冲突,回避矛盾,无法保持平衡的心理状态。结论:大学生自尊水平存在性别、年级差异,并与心理健康症状存在明显相互作用关系。
[Abstract]:Objective: to observe the characteristics of college students' self-esteem. Methods: 793 college students majoring in science and engineering, medicine, normal education and liberal arts were selected from 6 colleges and universities in Jiangxi Province in 2005. A total of 751 college students were investigated with two-dimensional self-esteem scale, including 16 items, 8 items in each dimension. The test-retest reliability of the scale was 0.84 and 0.80, and the homogeneity reliability was 0.86 and 0.84. The scale measured the overall self-esteem, which was divided into two dimensions: self-like and self-ability. Individual interviews were conducted with students with high self-esteem and low self-esteem, and the students and class teachers (counselors) were collected to evaluate the students with high self-esteem and low self-esteem. Semi-structured interviews were used in the survey. The contents of the interview outline were designed according to the factors of symptom Checklist combined with self-esteem and its related influencing factors in previous studies, including the following three aspects: (1) cognition and events related to anxiety. (2) the relationship with classmates, teachers and friends. (3) the evaluation of self-emotion and mood. In order to ease the tension of the interviewees, there are other aspects of communication. Results: 793 questionnaires were sent out and 780 questionnaires were collected. After sorting out the collected questionnaires, the valid questionnaires were obtained. The scores of overall self-esteem and self-ability of boys were significantly higher than those of girls [(49.5820 卤7.9979), (48.2091 卤8.2642); (23.3893 卤3.9680), (22.6963 卤4.2606), t 鈮，
本文编号：2499355
[Abstract]:Objective: to observe the characteristics of college students' self-esteem. Methods: 793 college students majoring in science and engineering, medicine, normal education and liberal arts were selected from 6 colleges and universities in Jiangxi Province in 2005. A total of 751 college students were investigated with two-dimensional self-esteem scale, including 16 items, 8 items in each dimension. The test-retest reliability of the scale was 0.84 and 0.80, and the homogeneity reliability was 0.86 and 0.84. The scale measured the overall self-esteem, which was divided into two dimensions: self-like and self-ability. Individual interviews were conducted with students with high self-esteem and low self-esteem, and the students and class teachers (counselors) were collected to evaluate the students with high self-esteem and low self-esteem. Semi-structured interviews were used in the survey. The contents of the interview outline were designed according to the factors of symptom Checklist combined with self-esteem and its related influencing factors in previous studies, including the following three aspects: (1) cognition and events related to anxiety. (2) the relationship with classmates, teachers and friends. (3) the evaluation of self-emotion and mood. In order to ease the tension of the interviewees, there are other aspects of communication. Results: 793 questionnaires were sent out and 780 questionnaires were collected. After sorting out the collected questionnaires, the valid questionnaires were obtained. The scores of overall self-esteem and self-ability of boys were significantly higher than those of girls [(49.5820 卤7.9979), (48.2091 卤8.2642); (23.3893 卤3.9680), (22.6963 卤4.2606), t 鈮，
本文编号：2499355
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