我国残疾人乒乓球运动员归因的多维透视

发布时间：2018-01-03 14:22

本文关键词：我国残疾人乒乓球运动员归因的多维透视　出处：《山东师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：研究背景与目的:我国残疾乒乓球运动作为残疾人竞技体育运动的主体,在竞技水平上处于世界领先地位。技战术提高的同时,在心理方面的研究也受到更广泛的重视。由于残疾人运动员自身的特殊性,在理解和解决问题的方式上与健全人存在一定差异。他们如何对训练效果、比赛成败做出解释?各解释又将对他们随后的思想、动机和行为产生什么影响?怎样帮助他们做出合理的解释?都将直接影响运动员以后的运动动机和结果期望,最终影响运动员的运动成绩。归因是指个体对自我或他人行为结果归属于某种原因。为了解残疾人运动员的致残因素、残疾等级、年龄、性别对归因是否有影响,有哪方面的影响,本研究以归因理论为指导,对个影响因素进行调查分析,得出结论,以期为今后残疾人运动员归因训练提供有效的理论依据。研究对象与方法:本文以中国残疾人乒乓球队站立组19名运动员和19名高校高水平乒乓球运动员为研究对象,其中男运动员24名,女运动员14名。运用问卷调查法,数理统计方法,调查研究对象的归因特点,致残因素、残疾级别、年龄性别等相关情况,统计各因素与归因的相互关系。结合访谈法,将研究结果运用于实践,得出有针对性的归因训练指导意见。研究结果:一、我国残疾人乒乓球运动员的归因特点与高水平乒乓球运动员的归因特点没有太大差异,归因方式都相对乐观,倾向于能力和努力的内部归因;二、后天残疾的运动员比先天残疾的运动员更倾向于“努力”方面的归因;两组在归因控制源方面没有统计学意义上的显著差异;三、残疾级别对残疾运动员的归因不具有统计学意义上的显著性影响,但通过均值比较可看出,6、7级的运动员更注重全面的归因,倾向于“内控”方面的归因,即“能力”和“努力”方面的归因;四、不同性别运动员之间,在归因控制源的“内控”和“不稳定性”方面存在统计学意义上的显著性差异,男性运动员倾向于进行内部、不稳定性归因,女性运动员更倾向于进行内部稳定性归因;五、不同年龄的运动员之间在“运气”归因方面存在差异性,在归因控制源的“外控”方面存在显著性差异。结论与建议:四种影响因素均对归因有不同程度的影响。对运动员进行归因指导时,应结合运动员自身特点,进行因人而异的归因指导。根据本研究结论,提出以下建议:1对先天残疾的运动员多进行“努力”方面的归因;2对6、7级运动员多进行多方面的归因指导,避免产生习得性无助感;3对高年龄和女性运动员要倾向于进行“努力”方面的归因;4教练员也要重视归因理论知识的学习,结合运动员的特点,对运动员进行有区别性的指导;本研究希望通过研究结果,能够对教练员指导运动员归因训练提供有价值的实践参考。
[Abstract]:Background & objective: as the main body of disabled sports in China, table tennis with disabilities is in the leading position in the world in the level of competition, and its techniques and tactics are improved at the same time. Due to the particularity of the disabled athletes, there are some differences in understanding and solving problems with the healthy people. Explain the success or failure of the game? What effect will the explanations have on their subsequent thoughts, motives and actions? How do you help them make a reasonable explanation? Will directly affect the athletes' future sports motivation and outcome expectations. Ultimately affect athletes' performance. Attribution refers to the individual behavior of self or other results belong to some reason. In order to understand the disabled athletes disability factors, disability grade, age. Whether gender has an impact on attribution or not, which aspects of the impact, this study based on attribution theory as a guide, to investigate and analyze the impact of factors, draw a conclusion. In order to provide an effective theoretical basis for attribution training of disabled athletes in the future. In this paper, the standing group of Chinese disabled table tennis team 19 athletes and 19 university high-level table tennis players as the research object. Among them, 24 male athletes and 14 female athletes were investigated by questionnaire, mathematical statistics, attribution characteristics, disability factors, disability level, age and gender. Statistics of the relationship between factors and attribution. Combined with the interview method, the results of the study are applied to practice, and the targeted attribution training guidance is obtained. The results are as follows: 1. There is no great difference between the attribution characteristics of disabled table tennis players and that of high-level table tennis players. The attribution style is relatively optimistic and tends to the internal attribution of ability and effort. Second, athletes with acquired disabilities are more inclined to attribute "effort" than those with congenital disabilities; There was no significant difference in attribution locus of control between the two groups. Third, the disability level has no statistically significant effect on the attribution of the disabled athletes, but through the comparison of the average value, it can be seen that the athletes of grade 6 or 7 pay more attention to the overall attribution. Tend to the attribution of "internal control", that is, the attribution of "ability" and "effort"; Fourthly, there were statistically significant differences in internal control and instability between male and female athletes, and male athletes tended to conduct internal, unstable attribution. Female athletes tend to attribute internal stability; Fifth, there are differences in the attribution of "luck" among athletes of different ages. There are significant differences in the "external control" of attribution locus of control. Conclusion and suggestion: all four kinds of influencing factors have different degrees of influence on attribution. When directing the attribution of athletes, we should combine the characteristics of athletes. According to the conclusion of this study, the following suggestions are put forward: (1) to do "hard work" attribution to athletes with congenital disability; (2) to give multiple attributional guidance to the athletes of level 6 or 7, so as to avoid the sense of learning helplessness; (3) Attribution of "effort" to high age and female athletes; (4) coaches should also attach importance to the learning of attribution theory knowledge and give differentiated guidance to athletes in combination with the characteristics of athletes; This study hopes to provide valuable practical reference for coaches to guide athletes' attribution training through the results of the research.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G846

【相似文献】