北京世锦赛我国男子跳远运动员起跳特征的运动学分析

发布时间：2018-01-28 20:07

本文关键词： 男子跳远最后两步起跳特征运动学分析　出处：《西安体育学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：研究目的:近10年,我国男子跳远项目的运动水平有了很大进步,也取得了较为出色的成绩。男子跳远最好成绩达到8.47m,逐渐靠近世界水平。特别是在2015年北京世界田径锦标赛上,参赛的3名中国选手王嘉男、高兴龙和李金哲均闯进前5名,其中王嘉男获得一枚宝贵的铜牌,3人联手创造了中国男子跳远历史新高。可以说,这是我国几代教练员、运动员和科研人员经过不懈努力和钻研的结果。但与欧美国家相比,仍存在差距,要想进一步提高跳远运动水平,甚至获得更多世界大赛的奖牌,就必须认真分析当今跳远运动的技术特征。如何逐步提高我国男子跳远运动的水平,是我国跳远运动在理论与实践中亟待解决的问题。研究方法:本文以2015年北京世锦赛男子跳远决赛中我国三名优秀跳远运动员王嘉男、高兴龙、李金哲为研究对象,采用文献资料、专家访谈、高速拍摄、录像解析和对比分析等研究方法,对他们后两步助跑与起跳技术特征进行研究,并与世界优秀运动员进行比较。研究结果:1、王嘉男、高兴龙最后两步减速幅度不大,速度减小值分别为0.17m/s和0.20m/s,李金哲的速度减小值最大,达到了0.56m/s。2、李金哲倒二步步长之差为0.07m,远远小于王嘉男0.20m,高兴龙0.35m。3、王嘉男倒二步重心下降高度为分别0.10m、0.07m,高兴龙、李金哲为0.08m、0.07m和0.09m、0.08m,比王嘉男平缓。4、王嘉男起跳时间符合T2T3T1,而高兴龙、李金哲的T2T3。研究结论:1、在最后两步助跑阶段,王嘉男、高兴龙、李金哲三人均是减速上板,其中王嘉男、高兴龙最后两步减速幅度比李金哲小,较小的速度减小值有利于运动员保持较高的起跳速度。2、本次比赛前八名运动员助跑倒二步的步长都大于倒一步。李金哲最后两步步长变化不大,趋于一致,具有明显的个人特点,与国内专家提出的在踏跳前最后两步助跑中缩小步差,以减小腾空时间的观点是相符的。3、前八名运动员倒二步、倒一步的膝关节最大缓冲角都呈现出倒一步比倒二步小的趋势。高兴龙和李金哲最后两步重心变化幅度不大,而本次比赛第一名拉瑟福德在倒二步重心已经降到缓冲最低点,对加大起跳用力工作距离有一定的积极性作用,对创造有益的垂直速度提供了物理条件。4、尽管王嘉男倒二步重心下降幅度较大,但这一特征并没有影响其水平速度的利用,反而加大了对起跳用力的工作距离,对起跳效果产生了良性影响。5、王嘉男转化时间T2略长,表明其起跳工作距离增大。6、若想取得更好的成绩,我国运动员可能还有待于在起跳蹬伸阶段提高蹬伸幅度,缩短蹬伸时间,更好的把握蹬伸时机,达到好的起跳效果。7、王嘉男、高兴龙、李金哲的腾起角均在合理的区间内;而腾起初速度与拉瑟福德还有一定的差距,反映出国内运动员在起跳能力与专项速度方面还有待加强。
[Abstract]:Research objective: in the past 10 years, the level of men's long jump in our country has made great progress, and has made more outstanding achievements. The best result of men's long jump is 8.47 m. In 2015, at the Beijing World Athletics Championships, three Chinese athletes, Wang Jianan, happy dragon and Li Jinzhe, all made it to the top five. Among them, Wang Jiannan won a precious bronze medal and three people joined hands to create a new high in the history of Chinese men's long jump. It can be said that this is our country's several generations of coaches. Athletes and researchers through unremitting efforts and research results, but compared with Europe and the United States, there is still a gap, to further improve the level of long jump, or even win more medals in world competitions. It is necessary to analyze the technical characteristics of the current long jump and how to improve the level of the men's long jump in our country step by step. It is an urgent problem in theory and practice of the long jump in our country. Research method: this article takes the 2015 Beijing World Championship Men's long Jump final in our country three excellent long jump athlete Wang Jianan, happy dragon. Li Jinzhe as the research object, using literature materials, expert interviews, high-speed shooting, video analysis and comparative analysis and other research methods, to their two-step run-up and take-off technical characteristics were studied. And compared with the world's elite athletes. The results of the study: 1, Wang Jiannan, happy dragon the last two steps of deceleration range is not large, the speed decreases by 0.17 m / s and 0.20 m / s, respectively. Li Jinzhe's speed decreases the most, reaching 0.56 m / s. 2, the difference of the two steps' length is 0.07 m, which is much smaller than Wang Jianan's 0.20m and happy dragon's 0.35m.3. The descending height of the center of gravity of Wang Jianan in the last two steps was 0. 10 m / 0. 7 m, respectively, while that of Xinlong and Li Jinzhe was 0. 08 m and 0. 09 m respectively, which was slower than that of Wang Jiannan. Wang Jiannan's take-off time is in line with T2T3T1, while happy dragon, Li Jinzhe's T2T3.The conclusion of the study is: 1. In the last two steps of the run-up, Wang Jiannan, Qielong and Li Jinzhe were all deceleration upper board. Among them, Wang Jiannan, happy dragon last two step deceleration range is smaller than Li Jinzhe, the smaller speed decrease value is advantageous to the athlete to maintain the high take-off speed .2. The last two steps of Li Jinzhe's last two steps change little, tend to be consistent, and have obvious personal characteristics. It is consistent with the domestic experts' view of reducing the step gap in the last two steps of the run-up before jumping to reduce the time of taking off. 3, the top eight athletes take two steps backwards. The maximum cushioning angle of the knee joint with one step backward showed a trend of one step backward than two steps. Happy Dragon and Li Jinzhe had little change in the center of gravity in the last two steps. The first place in this competition Rutherford in the last two steps of the center of gravity has been reduced to a buffer minimum, to increase the take-off force working distance has a certain positive role, to create a beneficial vertical speed to provide the physical conditions of .4. Although Wang Jiannan's second step center of gravity decreased greatly, this feature did not affect the utilization of horizontal speed, but increased the working distance of take-off force and had a benign effect on take-off effect. Wang Jiannan transformation time T2 slightly longer, indicating that its take-off distance increased. 6, if we want to achieve better results, our athletes may still have to be in the take-off and stretch stage to improve the range of pedal stretch, shorten the time. Better grasp the timing of pedal stretch, to achieve a good take-off effect. 7, Wang Jianan, happy dragon, Li Jinzhe are in a reasonable range; However, there is still a certain gap between the initial tempo and Rutherford, which reflects that the take-off ability and special speed of domestic athletes need to be strengthened.
【学位授予单位】：西安体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G823.3

【相似文献】