广东省中小学生身体发育和体质健康的基本特征

发布时间：2018-03-01 00:08

本文关键词： 学校体育体质健康中小学生广东省　出处：《体育学刊》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：对广东省24所中小学2 306名中小学生(10~18岁)身体发育和体质健康水平进行研究。测试指标包括身体形态、身体机能和身体素质。结果发现:1)男生身高在11~14、17~18岁出现2个快速增长期,女生出现1个快速增长期,且比男生更早;男女生10~13岁体重均出现快速增长期;男生体脂百分比呈现缓慢增长趋势,而女生增长速率显著高于男生。2)男女生肺活量的快速增长期在11~13岁,血压的变化则提示血管和心脏发育不同步;低密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈现"拱顶"特征,"拱顶"位于15岁左右。3)男女生力量素质均在12~14岁呈现快速增长趋势,男生17~18岁出现第2个快速增长期;男生速度发展的敏感期较女生更早且持续时间更长,男女生耐力增长均明显滞后于速度素质;男女生反应能力与柔韧性发展变化趋势均基本同步,其中反应能力快速增长期为11~13岁,而柔韧性快速增长期为13~16岁。4)近年广东学生生长水平明显提高。与全国同龄学生比较,广东省学生身高、体重和BMI略低,肺活量较高,但血压尤其是舒张压较高;速度素质和耐力素质较高,而力量素质和柔韧素质较低。
[Abstract]:In Guangdong Province, 24 schools of 2306 students (10~18 years old) of the physical development and physical health. Testing indexes including body shape, body function and physical quality. The results showed that: 1) the boys at the height of 11~14,17~18 occurred at the age of 2 a period of rapid growth, there are 1 Girls in a period of rapid growth, and the ratio of boys earlier; male and female students aged 10~13 years were a period of rapid growth of body weight; male body fat percentage showed a slow growth trend, but the growth rate was significantly higher than that of boys.2 girls) and vital capacity of rapid growth period in 11~13 years, the change of blood pressure is vascular and heart development are not synchronized; low density lipoprotein cholesterol showed a "vault" feature "the vault", located around the age of 15.3) and power quality are 12~14 years old in the trend of rapid growth, there are second boys aged 17~18 in a period of rapid growth; the sensitive period of boys than girls and earlier development speed For a longer period of time, the growth of male and female students were significantly lagging behind the speed endurance quality; and reaction ability and flexibility are the trend of development of basic synchronization, the reaction ability of rapid growth period of 11~13 years, and the flexibility of rapid growth period of 13~16 years.4) in Guangdong in recent years the students long levels were significantly increased. With peers nationwide, Guangdong students' height, weight and BMI is slightly lower, but the blood pressure is especially high capacity, high diastolic blood pressure; velocity and stamina is higher, while the strength and flexibility quality is low.

【作者单位】：华南师范大学体育科学学院;广雅实验学校;
【基金】：广东省高校人文社科重大研究项目(07JDXM89002) 广东省高校人文社科重点研究项目(2012JDXM0015)
【分类号】：G804.49

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