两种不同背包方式行走对小学生身体姿态的影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 21:06

本文选题：身体姿态　切入点：平衡能力　出处：《成都体育学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的:书包是学龄儿童生活中的重要组成部分,书包是影响儿童生长发育的重要因素。近年来,学生亚健康的状态日益严重,人数也逐年增加,颈椎病和腰椎病的发生率持续增加。在儿童少年中也不乏少见,主要原因是学生的学习负担太大。长时间的背负沉重的书包,出现了颈肩部的不适,包括颈肩部肌肉酸痛、僵直等。因此,本论文的目的在于研究双肩背包在胸前背的方式与传统后背背的方式,哪种背包方式更加科学,对学龄儿童的生长发育影响更小,为书包的设计提供参数指导。本论文通过文献查找,掌握农村和城市儿童的人数比例,背包方式,每日背包时间、距离等方面的数据,分析本课题的研究性。从前人的研究着手,阐述前人在背包问题上的研究结论和现状,主要有不同负荷下背包时,对人体平衡协调、身体姿态、步态分析等方面的研究现状。主要研究在固定负荷下,胸前背包和后背背包两种方式在一个步态周期中,颈胸前倾角的变化,以及胸腰前倾角的变化;同时,运用BBS(Biodex Balance System)平衡系统,测试学生在在两种背包方式下的平衡能力,计算出跌倒风险的大小。方法:⑴本实验对象为随机选择成都市三年级身体形态和机能正常的学生9名,身高140.11±8.86,体重31.533±5.25;分别采用双肩前后背两种背包方式,负重4.6kg(占身体重量的15%,BW),在跑台上以1.1m/s的速度行走20分钟,用两台数码摄像机(拍摄频率50Hz)记录行走时的三维运动学参数;选取连续的、稳定的、完整的步态周期,再用运动生物力学动作解析软件Signal TEC3D对测试录像进行解析;⑵完成20min的背包行走测试后,进行两种背包方式下,BBS平衡系统的测试,包括无负荷静态下小学生平衡能力的测试,胸前背包静态下小学生平衡能力的测试,后背背包静态下小学生平衡能力的测试,胸前背包动态下平衡能力的测试,后背背包动态下平衡能力的测试。得出相应的平衡数据。⑶使用SPSS17.0软件对所得数据进行统计学分析。结论:⑴胸前背包方式时,步态周期较后背背包方式缩短,这可能和胸前背包时书包体积较大,遮挡了脚下路面的情况,使得学生脚下空间位置觉异常以及胸前背负15%BW负荷时使躯干前倾角度加大有关。⑵在冠状面与矢状面投影角度对比过程中发现,胸前背包与后背背包没有相关性,两者在冠状面的变化不明显,说明在引起脊柱侧弯问题上,两种背包方式表现无异,均未引起明显的侧偏,这可能与双肩承受的载荷较均匀有关。⑶在静态平衡的测试中发现,学生在无包与后背过程中,平衡指数的差异并不明显,但在重心所在象限的时间分布可以看出,无负荷时重心在优势足区域的时间较多;在前背和后背的对比中发现,前背较后背时重心有向前移动的趋势,但均在稳定范围内。⑷在动态平衡分析中,发现跌倒风险指数胸前背包方式较背后背包方式与无负荷时更低,说明在胸前背包时,较背后背包与无负荷更加稳定。
[Abstract]:Objective: school is an important part of children's life, the bag is an important factor affecting the growth and development of children. In recent years, the state of the health of sub-health is becoming increasingly serious, the number is increasing year by year, cervical vertebra disease and lumbar vertebra disease incidence rate continued to increase. In children are rare, the main reason is students' learning the burden is too large. Carry the heavy bag for long time, the neck and shoulder discomfort, including neck and shoulder muscle pain, stiffness and so on. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study the backpack on the back of the chest and the traditional way back the way back, what kind of way to pack more scientific, on children's growth and development effect of smaller, provide guidance for the design of the bag parameters. This paper through the literature search, grasp the number of rural and city the proportion of children, backpack, backpack daily time, distance and other aspects of the data analysis of this lesson Research questions. Previous research started on the conclusion of the study and previous researches in knapsack problem, there are different load backpack, coordination, balance of human body posture, gait analysis and other aspects of the research. The main research on the fixed load, chest and back backpack backpack in two ways a change in gait cycle, neck and chest angle, and the change of thoracolumbar anteversion; at the same time, the use of BBS (Biodex Balance System) balance system, the balance test in the two students in the backpack under the way of calculating the risk of falls in size. Methods: the study objects are the body shape and function of the third grade the normal Chengdu city were randomly selected 9 students, height 140.11 weight 31.533 + 5.25 + 8.86, respectively; two way back and shoulders backpack, loaded 4.6kg (accounting for 15% of their body weight, BW), on a treadmill walking speed of 2 to 1.1m/s 0 minutes, with two sets of digital camera (shooting frequency 50Hz) recorded three-dimensional walking kinematics parameters; selection of continuous, stable, complete gait cycle, then the biomeehanieal analysis software Signal TEC3D to parse the test video; complete the 20min test after two backpack walking, knapsack mode, BBS the balance test of the system, including primary balance under the static load test, static balance ability of pupils under test chest backpack, backpack back under the static balance ability of students test, chest bag under dynamic balance test, dynamic balance ability of the back backpack under test. The balance of the corresponding data. According to statistics analysis of the data using SPSS17.0 software. Conclusion: the chest backpack mode, a gait cycle to shorten the back backpack, backpack and chest may book The package volume is larger, occlusion at the foot of the road and the students at the foot of the space position and the chest with 15%BW vision abnormal load to increase. The torso forward angle in coronal and sagittal projection angle comparison process, and the back chest backpack backpack not interrelated, both in the coronal plane did not change significantly. In the cause of scoliosis on performance of two kinds of way to pack is no obvious side, which may be related to load more evenly on the shoulders bear. It found in the static balance test, the students in the back and no packet process, there is no obvious difference between the balance index, but in focus quadrant time distribution can be seen, no load in the center of the region to meet the more time advantage; compared to front and back and back, front and back a back focus moving trend, but were in stable Within the scope of the analysis. In dynamic balance, found that the fall risk index is behind the chest backpack backpack with no load in the lower chest backpack, backpack is behind and no load is more stable.

【学位授予单位】：成都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.6

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