羽毛球运动员双打接发球决策特征及训练效果分析

发布时间：2018-03-10 05:08

本文选题：羽毛球　切入点：接发球　出处：《北京体育大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：发接发是羽毛球双打重要的技战术之一,也是双方争夺中前场主动权的主要手段。高质量的接发球需要对发球的落点进行准确预判,从而争取较高、较前的击球点进攻。近些年来,视频遮蔽技术在运动心理学认知领域关于快速球类的研究中得到广泛应用,通过视频遮蔽技术能够区分出专家与新手决策能力的差异所在。本研究以模拟羽毛球双打项目发球的视频作为反应任务,以运动决策为核心,在前人研究的基础上运用空间遮蔽法对视频中发球者的头部、肩胸、球拍分别进行遮蔽,试图探讨不同水平羽毛球运动员双打接发球决策差异,并通过实景练习与视频决策训练对羽毛球新手的决策能力是否有影响。试验参与者为国内某体育大学羽毛球专项学生,共51人,其中男生39人,女生12人,年龄从18岁到27岁。试验将录制的视频材料分别进行头部、肩胸、球拍遮蔽处理,编入心理学E-Prime软件,被试独立在计算机上完试。研究共设计了两个试验:试验一探讨不同水平羽毛球运动员双打接发球决策特征的差异,实验设计为运动水平(2)×遮蔽部位(4)混合实验;试验二探讨实景练习与视频决策训练对羽毛球新手决策的影响,试验设计为组别(2)×遮蔽部位(4)×测试阶段(3)混合实验,并通过重复测量方差分析对实验结果进行分析,得出以下结论:(1)运动水平是影响羽毛球运动员双打接发球决策的重要因素,专家组无论在有遮蔽还是无遮蔽条件下决策准确率都高于新手组,两组被试反应时无差异,专家在不牺牲反应时的前提下有较高决策准确率。(2)遮蔽部位不同是影响羽毛球运动员双打接发球决策的重要因素,专家组与新手组无遮蔽条件下决策准确率都高于有遮蔽,且遮蔽球拍与头部对被试决策准确率影响更大,说明球拍与头部在羽毛球双打接发中能提供更多关于发球落点的信息。(3)实景练习结合视频决策训练是提高羽毛球新手接发球决策能力的有效方法,通过决策训练的新手决策能力较无训练者得到了显著提高,在不牺牲反应时的前提下提高了决策准确率。(4)经过决策训练的新手决策能力与专家还有差距,运动经验的不足仅仅依靠专项决策训练是不够的,需要经过长时间的训练与比赛积累才能达到较高水平。
[Abstract]:Serving and receiving is one of the most important techniques and tactics in badminton doubles, and it is also the main means for both sides to fight for the initiative in the front court. In recent years, video masking technology has been widely used in the field of sports psychology cognitive research on fast ball games. The difference between expert and novice decision-making ability can be distinguished by video masking technology. In this study, the video of badminton doubles serve is used as the response task, and the core of this study is sports decision. On the basis of previous studies, the spatial masking method is used to cover the head, shoulders, chest and rackets of the players in the video, in order to explore the difference in the decision of receiving the doubles of badminton players at different levels. The participants in the experiment are the badminton special students of a sports university in China, including 39 male students and 12 female students, including 39 male students and 12 female students. The subjects, aged from 18 to 27, were treated with head, shoulder and chest, racket shading, and programmed into psychological E-Prime software. Two experiments were designed: one was to explore the difference of the decision characteristics of double serve for badminton players at different levels, and the experiment was designed as a mixed experiment of sports level (2) 脳 shelter position (4); Experiment 2 discusses the effect of scene exercise and video decision training on badminton novice decision making. The experiment is designed as a mixed experiment of group 2) 脳 shaded site 4) 脳 test phase 3), and the results are analyzed by repeated measurement variance analysis. The following conclusion is drawn: (1) Sports level is an important factor affecting badminton players' decision to receive and receive the doubles. The expert group's decision accuracy rate is higher than that of the novice group in the presence or absence of shelter, and there is no difference in the reaction time between the two groups. Under the premise of not sacrificing reaction, experts have higher decision accuracy.) different shading position is an important factor that affects badminton player's decision of double serve. The decision accuracy of expert group and novice group is higher than that of shaded group under unsheltered condition. The masking racket and head had more influence on the decision accuracy. The results show that racket and head can provide more information about the position of serve in badminton doubles.) the combination of actual practice and video decision making is an effective method to improve the decision ability of badminton novice in receiving serve. The decision making ability of the novice trained by decision making is significantly improved than that of the untrained person, and the decision accuracy rate is improved without sacrificing the reaction time. (4) there is still a gap between the decision making ability of the novice trained by decision making and the expert. The deficiency of sports experience is not enough to rely on the special decision training, and it needs a long time of training and competition accumulation to reach a higher level.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G847

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