抗阻训练在11-12岁男子游泳运动员陆上训练中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 17:19

本文选题：11—12岁　切入点：男子　出处：《首都体育学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人体在水中游进的阻力很大。根据流体力学定律,水的阻力与物体在水平运动的速度平方成正比,运动速度越快受到的阻力越大。此外,游泳运动与其他周期性运动项目相比需要动用肌肉群,因此这就对游泳运动员的力量能力提出了更高的要求。游泳运动员的抗阻训练,其目的不应是一般性的身体训练,而是有针对性地加强在游泳中推动运动员前进的肌群。目前抗阻训练的手段数以百计,但如果不加以选择很可能适得其反。如何依据少年游泳运动员的身心特点、运动训练规律、游泳项目特点及解剖力学原理等,科学合理地安排陆上抗阻训练以提高训练效益是当前青少年游泳训练面临的重要问题。本研究尝试在学习前辈学者研究成果和教练员经验的基础上,结合自己的理论学习及运动训练实践经验,运用运动训练理论、游泳专项训练理论、教育学理论以及相关学科的理论,结合青少年身心发展的规律,采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、实验法及数理统计法等研究方法,在充分调查基层少年体校陆上抗阻训练基本情况的前提下,从众多抗阻训练中筛选出符合11-12岁男子运动员身心发展特点的科学合理的手段,并以20名西城体校的11-12岁男子游泳运动员为实验对象,划分为两组,分别为实验组和对照组,进行了8周的对比试验。实验组采用筛选出的抗阻练习安排力量训练课,对照组则采用传统的力量训练方法安排训练课。得出以下结论:1.筛选出适合少年男子游泳运动员陆上训练的手段包括:等动拉力、瑞士球药球、引体向上、抗阻力冲刺跑、负重跳跃和负重提踵等。2.实验组与对照组在实验干预后进行组间陆上身体素质对比,表明进行陆上抗阻训练方案的训练效果明显优于常规力量练习的训练效果。3.实验组与对照组在实验干预后进行组间水中专项成绩对比,实验组三种泳姿呈显著性差异,而对照组四种泳姿提高均呈不显著差异,表明实验组进行的陆上抗阻训练更有效果。4.与传统力量训练相比,陆上抗阻练习对提高运动员技术、专项运动成绩、肌肉力量的效果更为显著。5.对11-12岁男子游泳运动员抗阻训练进行的优化组合设计,提高了运动员的专项素质和运动成绩,达到了提高训练效益的目的。
[Abstract]:According to the law of hydrodynamics, the resistance of water is proportional to the square of the velocity of an object in horizontal motion, and the faster the moving speed is, the greater the resistance is. Swimming requires the use of muscle groups in comparison with other cyclical sports, so this puts a higher demand on the strength of swimmers. The purpose of resistance training for swimmers should not be general physical training. At present, there are hundreds of methods of resistance training, but if you do not choose, it is likely to be counterproductive. How to base on the physical and mental characteristics of juvenile swimmers, Sports training rules, swimming characteristics and anatomical mechanics, etc., Scientific and reasonable arrangement of land resistance training to improve training efficiency is an important problem facing teenagers in swimming training. This study attempts to study the previous generation of scholars' research results and coaches' experience. Combining with one's own theoretical study and practical experience of sports training, using sports training theory, swimming special training theory, pedagogy theory and related discipline theory, combining the law of teenagers' physical and mental development, adopting the method of literature, Research methods such as questionnaire survey, expert interview, experimental and mathematical statistics, etc., under the premise of fully investigating the basic situation of land resistance training in junior sports schools at the grass-roots level, Scientific and reasonable methods for the physical and mental development of male athletes aged 11 to 12 years were selected from numerous resistance training, and 20 male swimmers aged 11 to 12 years old from Xicheng Sports School were selected as experimental objects and divided into two groups, experimental group and control group, respectively. A comparative experiment was conducted for 8 weeks. The experimental group used the selected resistance exercises to arrange strength training classes. In the control group, the traditional strength training method was used to arrange the training courses. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. The methods for land training for young male swimmers included: equal pulling force, Swiss ball ball, upward pull, resistance to resistance sprint run, After intervention, the experimental group and the control group were compared with each other in terms of physical fitness on land. The results showed that the training effect of the onshore resistance training program was obviously better than that of the conventional strength training. 3. The experimental group and the control group were compared with each other in the special achievements in water after the experimental intervention, and there were significant differences among the three swimming styles in the experimental group. However, there was no significant difference among the four swimming styles in the control group, which indicated that the overland resistance training in the experimental group was more effective than that in the traditional strength training. Compared with the traditional strength training, the overland resistance training could improve the athletes' technique and the performance of the special sports. The effect of muscle strength is more remarkable. 5. The optimum combination design of resistance training for male swimmers aged 11-12 has improved the athletes' special quality and performance, and achieved the purpose of improving the training efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：首都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G861.1

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