耐力跑不达标大学生的健康行为与身体自我认知能力、人格关系研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 11:13

  本文选题：耐力跑不达标大学生　切入点：健康行为　出处：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：大学生处于人生黄金阶段,心理和生理都趋于成熟,健康问题与工作和生活紧密相关,但是根据国民体质监测的数据得出,学生体质一直处于急剧下滑的状态,特别是耐力跑成绩不达标所占比例较高,耐力跑成绩反应心肺耐力水平,心肺耐力在体质健康各要素中占有核心地位,又有研究表明影响大学生体质健康更多的是行为生活方式,因此良好的健康行为是获得体质健康的基础。有研究表明健康行为不仅与人格存在直接联系,也与身体自我认知能力存在直接联系,同时身体自我认知能力又与人格存在联系。因此,身体自我认知能力在人格影响健康行为的过程中能否作为中介变量是需要进一步研究的问题。本研究以耐力跑不达标大学生为对象,发放问卷或量表611份,有效问卷500份。使用文献资料法,国际体力活动量表(IPAQ)、健康行为问卷、身体自尊量表(PSPP)、卡特尔人格量表(16PF)对耐力跑不达标大学生的健康行为、身体自我认知能力、人格进行测量。采用描述性统计方法分析耐力跑不达标大学生健康行为、身体自我认知能力和人格的特征,Spearman相关分析耐力跑不达标大学生的健康行为与人格的关系,Person相关分析耐力跑不达标大学生人格与身体自我认知能力的关系,通过路径分析探究身体自我认知能力在人格和健康行为之间的中介效应。结果:(1)耐力跑不达标大学生健康行为分布特征:耐力跑不达标大学生的健康行为主要表现在不吸烟(89.6%)、不饮酒(80.6%)上,主要较弱的体现在膳食不规律(93.8%)、睡眠不规律(73%)和缺乏体力活动(52%)上。膳食行为男生优于女生,睡眠行为和体力活动女生优于男生。(2)耐力跑不达标大学生身体自我认知能力(PSPP)的特征:耐力跑不达标大学生的PSPP得分为58.21±8.2,处于低等水平;身体吸引力(AB)得分为11.77±2.05,处于稍高水平;身体素质(PF)得分为11.07±1.96,处于较低水平。(3)耐力跑不达标大学生人格(16PF)特征:16PF次级人格特质焦虑性,主要人格特质忧虑性接近高分特征(7.5±1.3、7.2±1.1),紧张性属于高分特征(8.0±1.5);实验性、自律性接近低分特征(3.8±1.8、3.4±1.6)。(4)不同健康行为水平的耐力跑不达标大学生的身体自我认知能力、人格特征比较:根据健康行为计分方法,将耐力跑不达标大学生分为高、中、低分组,PSPP及分维度身体状况(PC)、身体素质(PF)在低、中,低、高分组差异性显著(P0.01),身体吸引力(AB)在低、中分组差异性显著(P0.01)。16PF次级人格特质焦虑性、自控力,主要人格特质忧虑性(O)、稳定性(C)、有恒性(G)、敢为性(H)、实验性(Q2)、独立性(Q3)在高、中、低分组差异性显著(P0.01)。(5)耐力跑不达标大学生的健康行为、身体自我认知能力、人格的相关分析:健康行为总分与焦虑性呈显著负相关(P0.01),自控力呈显著正相关(P0.01),中分组与自控力呈显著正相关(P0.01),低分组与独立性呈显著负相关(P0.01)。焦虑性与ST、PSPP呈负相关(P0.05),与PC、PF呈显著负相关(P0.01),开放性与PSW、ST、PC、PF、PSPP呈负相关(P0.05),独立性与PSW、ST、PSPP呈显著正相关(P0.01),与PC、PF呈正相关(P0.05),自控力与ST、AB、PSPP呈负相关(P0.05)。(6)耐力跑不达标大学生的身体自我认知能力在人格和健康行为之间的中介效应:PSPP在人格特质自控力和健康行为之间部分中介效应显著,中介效应比值为5.3%。结论:(1)耐力跑不达标大学生的健康行为总分与自控力呈显著正相关。(2)耐力跑不达标大学生的自控力与ST、AB、PSPP呈负相关。(3)耐力跑不达标大学生的身体自我认知能力在人格特质自控力与健康行为之间中介效应显著,其它人格特质中介效应不显著。
[Abstract]:Students in the golden stage of life, psychology and physiology are mature, health problems and work and life are closely related, but according to the national physique monitoring data shows that the physical fitness of students has been a sharp decline in the state, especially the endurance running performance is not up to the proportion of endurance running performance reaction cardiopulmonary endurance level, cardiopulmonary endurance occupies a central position in the elements of physical health, and studies have shown that the influence of College Students' physical health is more life style, so good health behaviors is the foundation for physical health. Research shows that health behavior exists not only in direct contact with the personality, there is a direct relationship with the body self cognitive ability, and physical self perception ability and personality are related. Therefore, the process of physical self cognitive ability of healthy behaviors in the personality can be as a mediator is required To further study. In this study, endurance running standards of students as objects, questionnaire or scale of 611 copies, 500 copies of valid questionnaires. Using the method of literature, the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), the health behavior questionnaire, physical self-esteem scale (PSPP), cartel personality scale (16PF) the endurance running substandard health behaviors of college students, ability of physical self perception, personality measurement. Using descriptive statistics analysis of endurance running standards of students health behavior, characteristics of physical self cognitive ability and personality, the relationship between Spearman related analysis of endurance running substandard health behavior and personality of college students, Person correlation analysis of endurance running standard the relationship between self cognitive ability of College Students' personality and body, mediating effect of exploring physical self cognitive ability between personality and health behavior through the path. Results: (1) standard high endurance running The student health behavior distribution: endurance running is not up to the standard of college students health behavior is mainly manifested in the no smoking (89.6%), alcohol (80.6%), mainly reflected in the weak irregular meals (93.8%), sleep disorders (73%) and lack of physical activity (52%). Dietary behavior in boys than girls. Sleep behavior and physical activity of girls is better than boys. (2) endurance running is not up to the standard of self cognitive ability of College Students' body (PSPP) features: endurance running standards of students PSPP score was 58.21 + 8.2, at the low level; physical attractiveness (AB) score was 11.77 + 2.05, at a slightly higher level of physical quality (PF;) score was 11.07 + 1.96, at a low level. (3) the endurance running standards of students personality (16PF) features: 16PF secondary personality trait anxiety, personality trait anxiety score close to the main feature (7.5 + 1.3,7.2 + 1.1), belongs to the high tension characteristics (8 + 1.5); experiment 鎬，

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