跑鞋后跟弧度对跑步时下肢生物力学特征的影响

发布时间：2018-03-16 09:35

本文选题：跑鞋　切入点：后跟弧度　出处：《北京体育大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：研究目的:本研究的目的是了解不同后跟弧度对人体在跑步时下肢动作生物力学特征、鞋的稳定性和缓冲性以及人的主观感受的影响。旨在为优化运动鞋后跟设计,为开发不同需求的鞋产品提供理论依据。研究方法:测试鞋后跟的外侧起弧点纵坐标和内侧起弧点横坐标分别是:2.5cm/2cm(C1)、4.5cm/2cm(C2)、2.5cm/3.5cm(C3)、4.5cm/3.5cm(C4)。受试者为20名年龄在20-32岁的男性,跑步方式均为后跟着地,在实验测试前每周至少保证10公里的跑步练习。采用红外高速运动捕捉系统(ViconT20,200Hz)和三维测力台(AMTI-BP6009,1000Hz)同步采集跑步的运动学和动力学数据。采用15cm视觉模拟量表进行主观评测。采用双因素重复测量方差分析方法对所得数据进行统计分析,统计检验水准α=0.05。当交互作用显著时,对四双鞋进行配对T检验,统计检验水准α=0.0125。研究结果:生物力学测试中,外侧起弧点纵坐标在地面反作用力峰值时间、着地时刻踝关节内翻角度、踝关节最大外翻角度上有主效应。穿着外侧起弧点纵坐标较小的测试鞋地面反作用力峰值时间较大(p=0.001);着地时刻踝关节内翻角度较小(p=0.001);踝关节最大外翻角度较大(p=0.013)。内侧起弧点横坐标在膝关节外展角冲量、踝关节最大外翻角度有主效应上,穿着内侧起弧点横坐标较小的测试鞋膝关节外展角冲量较小(p=0.04);踝关节最大外翻角度较小(p=0.039)。内外侧起弧点在踝关节最大外翻角速度上有交互作用,C1鞋和C4鞋能显著减小踝关节外翻角速度。主观测试中,外侧起弧点纵坐标在后跟稳定性上有主效应,外侧起弧点纵坐标越大,后跟稳定性越差(p=0.041);内侧起弧点横坐标在后跟到前掌的过渡性上有主效应,内侧起弧点横坐标越大,后跟到前掌的过渡性越好(p=0.019)。研究结论:(1)后跟内外侧起弧点位置的改变对跑鞋的缓冲性能影响较小。(2)外侧起弧点的位置对测试鞋稳定性有影响,外侧起弧点纵坐标越大,鞋的稳定性越差。(3)外侧起弧点位置会影响膝关节的外展力矩,内外侧起弧点位置对踝关节最大外翻角度有影响,但是对胫骨的内旋没有影响。
[Abstract]:Objective: the purpose of this study is to understand the effects of different heel radians on the biomechanical characteristics of lower extremity movement, the stability and cushioning of shoes and subjective feelings of human beings. The purpose of this study is to optimize the heel design of sports shoes. To provide theoretical basis for the development of shoe products with different demands. Methods: the longitudinal coordinates of the outer arcing point and the transverse coordinate of the inner arcing point of the heel of the shoe were: 2.5 cm / 2 cm / 2 cm / 2 cm / 2 cm / 2 cm / 2 cm C _ 2 / 2 = 2.5 cm / 3.5 cm / C _ 3 / 3. 5 cm C _ 4.The subjects were 20 men aged 20-32 years, all running in the following way. A running exercise of at least 10 km per week was guaranteed before the test. The running kinematics and dynamics data were simultaneously collected using the infrared high speed motion capture system Vicon T20 / 200Hz. and the three-dimensional dynamometer AMTI-BP6009 1000Hz. 15cm visual analogue scale was used to perform the main task. The method of double factor repeated measurement variance analysis was used to analyze the data. Statistical test level 伪 0. 05. When the interaction is significant, four pairs of shoes are tested by paired T test. Statistical test level 伪 0. 0125. Results: in biomechanical testing, the vertical coordinates of the outer arcing point are at the peak time of the reaction force on the ground. The ankle varus angle when landing on the ground, The maximal valgus angle of ankle joint has the main effect. The test shoe ground reaction peak time of wearing lateral arc point is smaller than that of test shoe ground, the ankle joint varus angle is smaller at landing time, and the ankle joint maximal valgus angle is larger than that of ankle joint. The lateral coordinates of the medial arcing point in the knee joint outreaching angle impulse, The maximum valgus angle of the ankle has the main effect. The test shoes wearing the medial arcing point with small horizontal coordinates have a smaller lateral angle impulse of knee joint and a smaller maximum angle of the ankle joint. There is interaction between the internal and external arcing points on the maximum valgus angle velocity of the ankle joint. C 1 shoes and C 4 shoes can significantly affect the ankle joint. Reduce the angular velocity of the valgus of the ankle. The lateral arcing point has the main effect on the stability of the heel, and the larger the longitudinal coordinate of the lateral starting point, the worse the stability of the heel, and the more the transverse coordinate of the medial starting point has the main effect on the transition from the heel to the anterior palm, and the greater the horizontal coordinate of the medial arcing point is. The better the transition from heel to forepaw is, the better. Conclusion: the change of arc point position on the inner and outer side of heel has little effect on the cushioning performance of running shoes.) the position of starting point outside has influence on the stability of shoes, and the longitudinal coordinate of outer arc point is bigger. The lower the stability of the shoe is, the lower the position of the external arc point will affect the knee joint abduction moment, and the greater the position of the outer side arc point has to the ankle joint's maximal valgus angle, but it has no effect on the tibia internal rotation.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.6

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